【雙語(yǔ)閱讀】北京不堪重負(fù) 中國(guó)應(yīng)該遷都.

　　SEVEN years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a “l(fā)iveable” one by 2020, with “fresh air and a beautiful environment”. Few praise its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing. Even in the state-controlled media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital.

　　七年前，北京政府曾定下目標(biāo)，要在2020年之前將北京建設(shè)成“空氣清新、環(huán)境優(yōu)美”的“宜居城市”。至今這方面鮮有進(jìn)展。相反，對(duì)于北京擁擠的交通、嚴(yán)重的污染、極度的缺水和比天高的房?jī)r(jià)，人們卻是怨聲載道。現(xiàn)在即使是國(guó)家控制的媒體也開(kāi)始提出遷都的建議。

　　Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power, the party’s might and their country’s glorious history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however, some have broken ranks. In 2000 even China’s then prime minister, Zhu Rongji, joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.

　　北京在過(guò)去600年的大部分時(shí)間里一直是中國(guó)的首都。自從1949年共產(chǎn)黨勝利，中國(guó)人一直受到了某種引導(dǎo)，把北京尊為中國(guó)國(guó)力、黨威和光輝歷史的象征。對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，遷都這種提議簡(jiǎn)直就是異端。然而最近幾年，終于有人發(fā)出了不同的聲音。2000年，中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的總理朱镕基也加入了“異端”隊(duì)伍。他指出，如果沙塵暴問(wèn)題不能得以妥善處理，遷都只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。

　　Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word shoudu, meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested”. For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth dects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.

　　從那時(shí)起，對(duì)這些簡(jiǎn)直能使肺部堵塞的災(zāi)害的治理開(kāi)始初見(jiàn)成效。但與此同時(shí)，其他的問(wèn)題也在滋長(zhǎng)。受夠了交通大堵塞的北京人有時(shí)在說(shuō)“首都”時(shí)，會(huì)故意換個(gè)調(diào)子說(shuō)成“首堵”，諷刺北京是堵塞最嚴(yán)重的城市。一年里多數(shù)時(shí)候，北澳際都為一層灰蒙蒙的污染物所籠罩。過(guò)去十年里，北京的新生兒出生缺陷率增加了一倍。環(huán)境問(wèn)題無(wú)疑是一個(gè)重要的影響因素。報(bào)紙和網(wǎng)上已經(jīng)有好幾位學(xué)者提議，要解決這些問(wèn)題以及很多其他的問(wèn)題，最好的辦法就是遷都。

　　Yet apart from Mr Zhu, officials have kept quiet on the subject. Hu Xingdou of the Beijing Institute of Technology says there has been no official response to an open letter he wrote to the Chinese leadership in 2006. In it he suggested that the capital should be built anew in central China. Mr Hu says this position would have the advantage of being harder to attack (he sees Beijing as perilously exposed to assault from the sea). The building of a new and much smaller capital, he says, could also send a positive political message: that the party has turned its back on Beijing’s “feudal” past and embraced small government. Mr Hu proposes to call it Zhongjing, or “central capital” (Beijing means the northern one).

　　然而，除了朱镕基，大部分的官員在此問(wèn)題上都保持緘默。北京理工大學(xué)的胡星斗教授說(shuō)他在2006年給中國(guó)政府寫了一封公開(kāi)信，至今還未收到官方回復(fù)。在這封信里，他建議中國(guó)應(yīng)該在中部地區(qū)擇地另建新都。胡教授說(shuō)如果在華中建都，對(duì)防范外來(lái)襲擊較為有利(他認(rèn)為北京容易受到來(lái)自海上的侵略)。他還說(shuō)，新建一個(gè)更小的首都，也會(huì)發(fā)出一個(gè)積極的政治訊息：共產(chǎn)黨告別大北京“封建”的歷史，轉(zhuǎn)而擁抱小政府。胡教授主張把這個(gè)新首都叫做“中京”，意為“中部的首都”(北京意為北部的首都)。

　　Yuan Gang of Peking University describes Beijing as a city of “special privileges” that is literally sucking neighbouring regions dry. He says the billions of dollars now being spent to channel water from China’s south to the arid north around Beijing could have been better spent moving the capital to where the water is. The first of these diversion schemes is due to be launched next year, but the extra water provided will still be far from enough to satisfy Beijing’s demand. The resident population of Beijing, including its rural areas and satellite towns, reached 20m last year. Even with the increase in supply, the city would have adequate water resources only for a population of 18.3m, says the city’s Commission of Population and Family Planning (see chart).

　　北京大學(xué)教授袁剛認(rèn)為北京是一個(gè)擁有“特權(quán)”的城市，為了自身的發(fā)展，毫不客氣地吸干了周圍地區(qū)的水資源。中國(guó)政府現(xiàn)在正花費(fèi)幾十億美元從南部調(diào)水，以緩解首都周圍干旱的北部地區(qū)的水荒。袁教授說(shuō)，把錢花在調(diào)水上，還不如用這筆錢直接把首都遷到水資源豐沛的地方。此次調(diào)水方案一期工程將于明年建成通水，但是它所提供的額外水源仍然遠(yuǎn)不能滿足北京的需求。去年北京的常住人口，包括郊區(qū)和衛(wèi)星城在內(nèi)，達(dá)到了2000萬(wàn)。北京市人口和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，即使加上增加的外部供水，北京的水資源最多也只能支持1830萬(wàn)人(見(jiàn)上圖)。

　　Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (ie, not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities. Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits. But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities, it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.

　　盡管如此，北京的官僚們還是不太可能被說(shuō)動(dòng)。他們和所有擁有北京戶口的居民(即非外省進(jìn)京務(wù)工人員)一樣，享有各種特權(quán)，包括比其他地區(qū)的居民優(yōu)先享有中國(guó)最好的教育和醫(yī)療設(shè)施。一些被學(xué)者們提名為候選新都地址的城市已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為自己做起了廣告。但北京的澳際條件仍然具有無(wú)與倫比的吸引力，難怪中央政府對(duì)遷都的提議至今緘口不談。