閱讀電影：辛德勒的名單.

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　　英文介紹：

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　　The relocation of Polish Jews from surrounding areas to Krakow in late 1939, shortly after the beginning of World War II. Oskar Schindler (Liam Neeson), a successful businessman, arrives from Czechoslovakia in hopes of using the abundant cheap labour force of Jews to manufacture goods for the German military. Schindler, an opportunistic member of the Nazi party, lavishes bribes upon the army and SS officials in charge of procurement. Sponsored by the military, Schindler acquires a factory for the production of army mess kits. Not knowing much about how to properly run such an enterprise, he gains a contact in Itzhak Stern (Ben Kingsley), a functionary in the local Judenrat (Jewish Council) who has contacts with the now underground Jewish business community in the Ghetto. They loan him the money for the factory in return for a small share of products produced (for trade on the black market). Opening the factory, Schindler pleases the Nazis and enjoys his new-found wealth and status as "Herr Direktor," while Stern handles all administration. Stern suggests Schindler hire Jews instead of Poles because they cost less (the Jews themselves get nothing; the wages are paid to the Rh). Workers in Schindler&aposs factory are allowed outside the ghetto though, and Stern falsifies documents to ensure that as many people as possible are deemed "essential" by the Nazi bureaucracy, which saves them from being transported to concentration camps, or even being killed.

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　　Amon G?th (Ralph Fiennes) arrives in Krakow to initiate construction of a labor camp nearby, Pasz?w. The SS soon clears the Krakow ghetto, sending in hundreds of troops to empty the cramped rooms and shoot anyone who protests, is uncooperative, elderly or infirmed, or for no reason at all. Schindler watches the massacre from the hills overlooking the area, and is profoundly affected. He nevertheless is carul to briend G?th and, through Stern&aposs attention to bribery, he continues to enjoy the SS&aposs support and protection. The camp is built outside the city at Pasz?w. During this time, Schindler bribes G?th into allowing him to build a sub-camp for his workers, with the motive of keeping them safe from the depredations of the guards. Eventually, an order arrives from Berlin commanding G?th to exhume and destroy all bodies of those killed in the Krakow Ghetto, dismantle Pasz?w, and to ship the remaining Jews to Auschwitz. Schindler prevails upon G?th to let him keep "his" workers, so that he can move them to a factory in his old home of Zwittau-Brinnlitz, in Moravia, away from the "final solution", now fully underway in occupied Poland. G?th acquiesces, charging a certain amount for each worker. Schindler and Stern assemble a list of workers that should keep them off the trains to Auschwitz.

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　　"Schindler&aposs List" comprises these "skilled" inmates, and for many of those in Pasz?w camp, being included means the difference between life and death. Almost all of the people on Schindler&aposs list arrive safely at the new site, with exception to the train carrying the women and the children, which is accidentally redirected to Auschwitz. There, the women are directed to what they believe is a gas chamber; but they see only water falling from the showers. The day after, the women are shown waiting in line for work. In the meantime, Schindler had rushed immediately to Auschwitz to solve the problem and to get the women off from Auschwitz; to this aim he bribes the camp commander, Rudolf H?? with a cache of diamonds so that he is able to spare all the women and the children. However, a last problem arises just when all the women are boarding the train because several SS officers attempt to hold some children back and prevent them from leaving. So Schindler, who is there to personally oversee the boarding, steps in and is successful in obtaining from the officers the release of the children. Once the Schindler women arrive in Zwittau-Brinnlitz, Schindler institutes firm controls on the Nazi guards assigned to the factory, permits the Jews to observe the Sabbath, and spends much of his fortune bribing Nazi officials. In his home town, he surprises his wife while she&aposs in church during mass, and tells her that she is the only woman in his life (despite having been shown previously to be a womanizer). She goes with him to the factory to assist him. He runs out of money just as the German army surrenders, ending the war in Europe.

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　　As a German Nazi and self-described "profiteer of slave labor", Schindler must flee the oncoming Soviet Red Army. After dismissing the Nazi guards to return to their families, he packs a car in the night, and bids farewell to his workers. They give him a letter explaining he is not a criminal to them, together with a ring engraved with the Talmudic quotation, "He who saves the life of one man, saves the world entire." Schindler is touched but deeply distraught, feeling he could&aposve done more to save many more lives. He leaves with his wife during the night. The Schindler Jews, having slept outside the factory gates through the night, are awakened by sunlight the next morning. A Soviet dragoon arrives and announces to the Jews that they have been liberated by the Red Army. The Jews walk to a nearby town in search of food. As they walk abreast, the frame changes to another of the Schindler Jews in the present day at the grave of Oskar Schindler in Israel. The film ends by showing a procession of now-aged Jews who worked in Schindler&aposs factory, each of whom reverently sets a stone on his grave. The actors portraying the major characters walk hand-in-hand with the people they portrayed, also placing stones on Schindler&aposs grave as they pass. The audience learns that the survivors and descendants of the approximately 1,100 Jews sheltered by Schindler now number over 6,000. The Jewish population of Poland, once numbering in the millions, was at the time of the film&aposs release approximately 4,000. In the final scene, a man (Neeson himself, though his face is not visible) places a pair of roses on the grave, and stands contemplatively over it.

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　　簡(jiǎn) 介

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　　影片評(píng)價(jià)

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　　探尋和謳歌在特殊環(huán)境中的人性發(fā)展軌跡

　　具有巨大影響的震撼力和深沉而令人痛苦的藝術(shù)魅力

　　深具史詩的格局和撼人心魄的情緒力量

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　　劇情介紹

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　　1939 年，波蘭在納粹德國的統(tǒng)治下，黨衛(wèi)軍對(duì)猶太人進(jìn)行了隔離統(tǒng)治。德國商人奧斯卡?辛德勒(阿姆?內(nèi)森飾)來到德軍統(tǒng)治下的克拉科夫，開設(shè)了一間搪瓷廠，生產(chǎn)軍需用品。憑著出眾的社交能力和大量的金錢，辛德勒和德軍建立了良好的關(guān)系，他的工廠雇用猶太人工作，大發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái)。

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　　1943年，克拉科夫的猶太人遭到了慘絕人寰的大屠殺，辛德勒目睹這一切，受到了極大的震撼，他賄賂軍官，讓自己的工廠成為集中營的附屬勞役營，在那些瘋狂屠殺的日子里，他的工廠也成為了猶太人的避難所。

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　　1944 年，德國戰(zhàn)敗前夕，屠殺猶太人的行動(dòng)越發(fā)瘋狂，辛德勒向德軍軍官開出了1200人的名單，傾家蕩產(chǎn)買下了這些猶太人的生命。在那些暗無天日的歲月里，拯救一個(gè)人，就是拯救全世界。

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　　背景資料

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　　《辛德勒的名單》一片將作為電影史上永恒的光輝而存在，它是電影史上一部經(jīng)典的作品。斯蒂芬?斯皮爾伯格的名字也將與這部影片聯(lián)系在一起而永遠(yuǎn)流傳下去。

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　　1993 年，美國著名導(dǎo)演史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格帶領(lǐng)《辛德勒的名單》一片攝制組初抵波蘭，就在他們跨進(jìn)二戰(zhàn)期間克拉科夫中營準(zhǔn)備安營扎寨之時(shí)，突然收到全美猶太人協(xié)會(huì)從紐約發(fā)來的一封急電："請(qǐng)勿驚擾亡魂，讓他們安息吧。"斯皮爾伯格讀完這聊聊數(shù)語的電文，一言不發(fā)。他當(dāng)即下令攝制組全體人員撤離克拉科夫集中營，轉(zhuǎn)移到幾十公里以外，搭置布景拍攝。與此同時(shí)，他獨(dú)自一人離開了攝制組，乘飛機(jī)直接飛往紐約。斯皮爾伯格不派代表，不借助電話、電報(bào)、電傳等迅速方便的現(xiàn)代化通訊工具而橫跨大西洋，親赴紐約向"猶協(xié)"致歉，他的謙遜和誠意令"猶協(xié)"全體成員無不動(dòng)容。難怪后來國際影評(píng)界交口贊譽(yù)《辛德勒的名單》是"一位充滿人道主義精神的導(dǎo)演拍攝的一部洋溢人道主義氣息的電影"。

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　　《辛德勒的名單》讓世界感到震驚--這部深刻揭露德國納粹屠殺猶太人恐怖罪行的電影，于1994年3月1日在德國法蘭克福首映，德國總統(tǒng)親自出席了影片的首映式。

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　　美國總統(tǒng)克林頓看過此片后印象很深，以至在一次新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上疾呼："我迫切要求你們?nèi)タ纯催@部影片。"

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　　《辛德勒的名單》具有如此巨大影響的震撼力和如此深沉而令人痛苦的藝術(shù)魅力，應(yīng)該說，是與斯皮爾伯格身上流著猶太人的血液，以及童年時(shí)代親身體驗(yàn)過猶太人遭受歧視的痛苦;以及他源于烏克蘭的大家族中竟有17 位成員在波蘭納粹集中營中被謀害;以及他的內(nèi)心深處對(duì)辛德勒--這位猶太人的大恩人懷有虔敬感恩的心態(tài)等一系列無法逃避的事實(shí)分不開的。

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　　早在1982年，斯皮爾伯格收到他的制片人寄給他由澳大利亞小說家托馬斯?科內(nèi)雅雷斯所著的《辛德勒的名單》，從不細(xì)讀小說的斯皮爾伯格一反常態(tài)，不僅仔細(xì)閱讀完這部小說，還當(dāng)即拍板買下其改編、制片權(quán)。他意識(shí)到這是他渴望已久的題材，但他自知時(shí)機(jī)尚不成熟。

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　　直至10年以后，即進(jìn)入1993年的春天，影界一些要人勸他放棄這部非商業(yè)性影片的拍攝計(jì)劃，他所在電影公司的一個(gè)頭面人物甚至提出："與其拍此片，不如把錢捐給大屠殺博物館。"這句話激怒了斯皮爾伯格，更促成了他下走決心不惜付出任何代價(jià)都要堅(jiān)持拍成這部影片。電影公司最后作了讓步，不得不讓這位向來以游戲心態(tài)拍攝驚險(xiǎn)片、恐怖片和科幻片而著稱于世的"孩童"導(dǎo)演去實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想。為了這部影片，斯皮爾伯格首次放棄了慣用的電影特技，拒絕援請(qǐng)好萊塢影星主演，僅請(qǐng)一位奧斯威辛集中營中的幸存者做副導(dǎo)演和被辛德勒拯救出的猶太人做影片顧問。就這祥，他僅耗資2300萬美元就拍出了這部長(zhǎng)達(dá)3小時(shí)15分鐘的影片。這部影片的拍攝對(duì)斯皮爾伯格來說是一次新的體驗(yàn)，壓抑的情感閘門一下打開，他說："這次我感到重要的不是我的想象力，而是我的良心，突然間，我一慣用來逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的攝像機(jī)直面現(xiàn)實(shí)，在拍攝中我哭了，我每天都流下了熱淚。"

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　　為了方便工作，斯皮爾伯格把家人接到了波蘭，可每天14小時(shí)緊張的拍攝工作之后，親人也無法把他從白天的思緒中解脫出來。在影片拍攝過程中，斯皮爾伯格不止一次因無法控制自己的感情而迫使拍攝中途停止。當(dāng)他用手勢(shì)指揮群眾演員--健康的到右邊，有病的到左邊時(shí)，他感到自己就像納粹黨徒;當(dāng)他指揮剃光婦女的頭發(fā)、剝光她們的衣褲，把她們像牲口一樣趕來趕去時(shí)，他的心都要碎了。他說："這是我一生中最可怕的經(jīng)歷。"幾個(gè)星期里，他不和劇組里的德籍演員握手，不向那些身著納粹軍服的扮演演員打招呼，他以為自己就生活在當(dāng)年的納粹集中營里，4個(gè)月后，影片在波蘭封鏡，身心疲憊的斯皮爾伯格臉上才終于露出一點(diǎn)笑容?！耐甏似?，斯皮爾伯格謝絕了片酬并決定將個(gè)人贏利全部捐給美國大屠殺博物館。

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　　《辛德勒的名單》雖是以黑白攝影為主調(diào)，仍是彩色大制作的規(guī)模，全片有126個(gè)角色，動(dòng)用3萬名臨時(shí)演員演出。在波蘭除有30個(gè)外景場(chǎng)地，還搭制了140個(gè)布景配合。前幕后動(dòng)用了百余名猶太人參加工作，讓他們重溫一次納粹恐怖血腥的惡夢(mèng)。影片情節(jié)波濤洶涌，氣勢(shì)悲壯，一幅幅畫面--以黑白攝影為主調(diào)的紀(jì)錄片的紀(jì)實(shí)性手法，表現(xiàn)德國納粹瘋狂滅絕猶太人的恐怖，其慘狀催人淚下。

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　　《辛德勒的名單》成為全球最矚目的影片，其思想的嚴(yán)肅性和非凡的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)氣質(zhì)都達(dá)到了幾乎令人難以超越的深度。描寫?yīng)q太人在二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)期遭受集體屠殺的影片過去也拍過不少，但是以德國人良知覺醒并且不惜冒生命危險(xiǎn)反叛納粹，營救猶太人的真實(shí)故事片，這還是第一部。影片中，辛德勒開始時(shí)并不是位英雄，為什么最后他成了一名英雄，影片并未作出解答--所表現(xiàn)的只是他的行為。斯皮爾伯格動(dòng)用了一個(gè)小小的具有象征含義的效果陪襯：

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　　在清洗克拉科夫猶太人居住區(qū)時(shí)，辛德勒在揮舞棍棒、瘋狂掃射的沖鋒隊(duì)和被驅(qū)趕的猶太人之間看見了一個(gè)穿行于暴行和屠殺而幾乎未受到傷害的穿紅衣服的小女孩。這情景使辛德勒受到極大的震動(dòng)。斯皮爾伯格將女孩處理成全片轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵人物，在黑白攝影的畫面中，只有這小女孩用紅色。在辛德勒眼里，小女孩是黑白色調(diào)的整個(gè)屠殺場(chǎng)面的亮點(diǎn)--后來女孩子又一次出現(xiàn)--她躺在一輛運(yùn)尸車上正被送往焚尸爐。

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　　這一畫面成為經(jīng)典之筆它的攝影的深層內(nèi)涵和藝術(shù)價(jià)值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過一般意義上的電影作品。從影片開頭到納粹宣布投降，都是用黑白攝影，目的在于加強(qiáng)真實(shí)感，也象征了猶太人的黑暗時(shí)代。后來納粹投降，當(dāng)猶太人走出集中營時(shí)，銀幕上突然大放光明，出現(xiàn)燦爛的彩色，使觀眾有從黑暗中走到陽光下的感受，可以體驗(yàn)到劇中人解除死亡威脅的開朗心情。影片的攝影指導(dǎo)扎努西?卡曼斯基掌握了黑白攝影的畫面質(zhì)感，在沉重中有厚重的味道，

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　　特別是在拍攝波蘭的貧民區(qū)時(shí)，矮墻、磚塊、潮濕氣息，還原了時(shí)代的真實(shí)氛圍……

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　　同時(shí)由愛爾蘭影星利亞姆?尼森飾演的辛德勒，由曾主演《甘地》而獲奧斯卡金獎(jiǎng)的本?金斯利飾演猶太人斯特恩所組成的強(qiáng)大的演員陣容，也是使這部影片成功不可缺少的因素。

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　　一部好的電影，很難以達(dá)到像《辛德勒的名單》這樣簡(jiǎn)直令人無法挑剔的完美。應(yīng)該這樣說，它的存在是電影的一種永恒。奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)，只是作為它的一個(gè)褪色的陪襯。

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　　第66 屆奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)最佳影片《辛德勒的名單》

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　　本片獲得奧斯卡7項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)———最佳電影、最佳導(dǎo)演、最佳編劇、最佳攝影、最佳藝術(shù)指導(dǎo)、最佳剪輯、最佳音樂。本片也是史蒂芬?斯皮爾伯格反省歷史浩劫的人道主義之作，這也是他從影以來首度獲得影評(píng)界一致肯定的作品。