GMAT語(yǔ)法備考要點(diǎn)詳解(一).

　　GMAT語(yǔ)法部分的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些?下文將會(huì)對(duì)GMAT語(yǔ)法部分考試的重要考點(diǎn)“形合”進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的分析，希望能夠?yàn)檎趥淇糋MAT考試的同學(xué)們帶來(lái)一些幫助。

　　形合，指通過(guò)明顯的字面結(jié)構(gòu)性提示，傳遞句子內(nèi)部的前后和諧關(guān)系。如大家熟悉的平行結(jié)構(gòu)(由not only ….but also、both… and 、neither…nor等廣為人知的結(jié)構(gòu)引出)。此類(lèi)考點(diǎn)在OG11版本出現(xiàn)頗多。其特色是只要抓住這些結(jié)構(gòu)，則此題一招用到得到最后答案。然而，廣大考生在借助比較老的練習(xí)材料建立了對(duì)該考點(diǎn)的基本熟悉之后，卻很容易形成思維定式，變成單純追求形式上的和諧，而忽略了邏輯意義上的和諧，即“意合”，落入“形而上”的陷阱。這一思維定式在08年以來(lái)的機(jī)考實(shí)戰(zhàn)中，已經(jīng)頻繁被命題者所利用于構(gòu)造題目的強(qiáng)迷惑選項(xiàng)。

　　以下對(duì)若干代表性題目做針對(duì)性點(diǎn)評(píng)。

　　(1)GWD題目

　　A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted pedestrians right-of-way。

　　A. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted

　　B. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, granting

　　C. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted

　　D. regulating the use of bicycles, mandating a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, requiring of cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted

　　E. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted

　　答案為E。易見(jiàn)該題意在考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞regulate、mandate、required、granted的排列問(wèn)題?？忌菀紫热霝橹?，先假設(shè)四個(gè)動(dòng)作是平行的，然后按照這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去尋找答案，最后感到困惑。實(shí)際上，該題最精妙之處，在于四個(gè)動(dòng)作實(shí)際上并不平行。Regulate后面的內(nèi)容是整個(gè)自行車(chē)的使用規(guī)則，后面三個(gè)動(dòng)作分別介紹了該規(guī)則的三個(gè)方面。所以，regulate的層次是高于另外三個(gè)動(dòng)詞的。所以E的寫(xiě)法并沒(méi)有使用四個(gè)動(dòng)詞平行的寫(xiě)法，卻是真正正確的寫(xiě)法。

　　(2)見(jiàn)于GWD與PREP08

　　Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride。

　　A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

　　B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,

　　C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they

　　D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

　　E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they

　　在PREP08出來(lái)之前，該題答案一直在A和D之間爭(zhēng)議，直到PREP給出正確答案A才中止了爭(zhēng)議。該題精妙之處在于，D選項(xiàng)是命題者故意設(shè)置的“形合”，讓讀者觀感上覺(jué)得cost、get、allow、have形成了平行。而感到A選項(xiàng)的第一個(gè)“and”為多余。實(shí)際上，動(dòng)作carry和后面幾個(gè)動(dòng)作并不平行。這個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系是，“Carry”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是沒(méi)有參加“compared”的，所以自成一個(gè)層次，而另外四個(gè)動(dòng)詞是“compared”的項(xiàng)目，它們另外組成了一個(gè)四連珠的動(dòng)詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)。故而A中的第一個(gè)“and“恰恰是必要的。

　　(3)來(lái)自Prep08

　　A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer&aposs Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

　　C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright&aposs Native Son and Ralph Ellison&aposs Invisible Man

　　此題第一要點(diǎn)在于不糾纏于黑人到底使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是從并列對(duì)象是書(shū)而不是人入手，排除之后余下BE，此題另一精妙之處在于如何在BE之間抉擇，謹(jǐn)記避免犯形而上的錯(cuò)誤，簡(jiǎn)單根據(jù)E項(xiàng)有Being就殺之。此類(lèi)對(duì)思維要求低的排除方法已經(jīng)被證明在現(xiàn)行機(jī)考中越來(lái)越不靠譜。實(shí)際上遵循意合的思路容易找到線(xiàn)索。劃線(xiàn)外部使用的作者與書(shū)的關(guān)系所有格寫(xiě)法是‘s，所以與之保持一致，則后面也使用同一個(gè)寫(xiě)法，故而選擇E。此題并無(wú)明顯并列連詞提示考生題中的和諧關(guān)系，是依靠對(duì)句意理解得出。

　　以上通過(guò)多個(gè)例題對(duì)GMAT語(yǔ)法部分的備考要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行較為全面的解析，考生可以根據(jù)以上例題進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，舉一反三，掌握GMAT語(yǔ)法的解題規(guī)律和技巧，以順利通過(guò)GMAT考試。 相關(guān)鏈接：

1.淺談GMAT語(yǔ)法考試的要點(diǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)策略(二)

2.淺談GMAT語(yǔ)法考試的要點(diǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)策略（一）

3.也談如何輕松應(yīng)對(duì)GMAT語(yǔ)法考試

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