gmat機經(jīng)8-9月gmat作文機經(jīng)AI(至8.26)(十二).

　　以下澳際留學(xué)更新2011gmat機經(jīng)，以下2011年8月-9月gmat作文機經(jīng)更新，AI，8月20日至8月26日，共42題。希望大家的gmat考試順利!

　　40. 本月機經(jīng)5次

　　“All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”(34)

　　提供觀點：

　　1. 比起專業(yè)的公共服務(wù)組織，所有的公民都完成一定的公共服務(wù)顯得比較低效率。因為我們是在一個高度專業(yè)化分工十分明晰的社會，放棄專業(yè)的公共服務(wù)組織而采取強制性的公民義務(wù)形式的服務(wù)會使得效率十分低下，而且也會讓大多數(shù) 人不滿，畢竟每個人都有自己的職業(yè)和愛好。

　　2. 管理成本的高昂也是該計劃難以貫徹的一個原因。這項決定潛在上要求了要有人監(jiān)督每個公民是否履行了自己的義務(wù)，也要有人給每個公民分配任務(wù).

　　3. 誠然就象作者所說的那樣確實會從整體上給國家?guī)硪欢ǖ暮锰帲瑫r給每個參與的人提供和更多人交流等機會，但是在權(quán)衡利弊之后尤其是在和專業(yè)化組織對比之后還是得不償失的be not worth the candle mandatory compulsory ...be weighed against ...

　　individual compliance enforcement nullify stifle incompetence competent tantamount to 等價 insofar as...

　　1. 對于國家和社會的好處：首先，強制性mandatory social work可以增加人力資源——因為social work的wage比較低，所以在非強制的情況下，只有少數(shù)人愿意參加，這樣導(dǎo)致了人員的不足;廣泛的參與extensive participation可以引起大家的重視——激發(fā)人們更加愛護公共設(shè)施,從而降低整個expense on the maintaining. 因為公共設(shè)施becomes a aggregation of the hard work of all the citizens. 人們不付出努力,就不會珍惜

　　2. 對參與者的好處: The principal thing in this world is to keep one’s soul aloft. Flaubert(the great novelist)公共服務(wù)可以使人們更加意識到自己的社會責(zé)任感duty, 也同時有益于平時的工作; 可以增加人與人的交流, 在完全沒有壓力的環(huán)境下, 心靈得到放松.

　　3. 當(dāng)然, 完全強制有可能引起stimulate抵觸emotion of repellence, 也要注意方法,同時不要影響正常的工作.

　　View1: public service, a main approach to show social responsibilities, benits both the county and the participants.

　　View2: When becomes a burden and stress to the participants, public service harm not only individual performers but also entire society. Cost of enforcement, reduction of ficiency, increase of abhorrence.

　　北美范文：

　　The potential benits of mandatory public service must be weighed against administrative problems and concerns about individual liberty. On balance, the costs to a nation and to the participants would probably exceed the benits.

　　Admittedly, a colorable argument can be made for mandatory public service. It would help alleviate “free-rider” problems, where those who do not contribute benit from the forts of those who do. It would mitigate pressing social problems—with education, public health and safety, and the environment. It might instill in participants a sense of civic duty, community, and individual responsibility. Finally, it has worked on a smaller scale, particularly in urban areas, where renewal projects succeed in making communities safer, healthier, and more prosperous.

　　Far more compelling, however, are the arguments against mandatory public service. First, who would make assignments and decide what projects are worthwhile, and how would compliance be assured? Resolving enforcement issues would require government control, in turn requiring increased taxes and/or cuts in other social programs, thereby nullifying the benits of mandatory public service. Second, a mandatory system would open the floodgates to incompetence and inexperience. Finally, the whole notion seems tantamount to Communism insofar as each citizen must contribute, according to his or her ability, to a strong state. Modern history informs us that such systems do not work. One could argue that mandatory public service is simply a tax in the form of labor rather than dollars. However, compulsory labor smacks of involuntary servitude, whereas financial taxes do not.

　　In conclusion, logistical and philosophical barriers to mandating public service outweigh its potential benits for the nation as well as for participants.

　　41. As fossil fuel resources are limited and vital, international aggreements should be adopted to require all of the countries to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.

　　考古

　　V1.since fossile fuel vailed and limited, international agreement 要 reduce fuel ...... 問你同意還是不同意

　　v2.Fossil fuel resources: For the Fossil fuel resources is XXX and limited, 有必要制定一個針對所有國家的 international agreement，來限制各個國家對fossil fuel的依賴。(最后小半句不太確定，請其它CDer補充)

　　要不要adopt一個international agreement on reducing the dependence on fossil fuel resources。

　　[V3] The fossil energy are vital and limited. International agreement should be adopted for all countries to decrease the dependence on the fossil energy

　　[V4] fossil fuel resources are vital and limited, international agreements should be adopted that would require all the nations reduce the use of fossil fuel.

　　考古

　　提供幾個觀點：

　　1、首先，雖然不愿意，但仍然要承認，自私幾乎是天性。self consideration優(yōu)先。在沒有廣泛的行動時，每一個國家都不愿意在自己作出犧牲的同時，其他國家沒有行動。這樣不公平，也不可能達到。這時，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的作用很重要。安排各國家工作，協(xié)調(diào)各國家活動。有一個行動的指導(dǎo)作用。function as the leader of the group.

　　2、而且，保護資源是全球的問題，指望單個國家作出犧牲是不夠的。因為在全球化經(jīng)濟發(fā)展下，資源幾乎是全球運轉(zhuǎn)的。比如，美國會向中國進口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨國公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，開發(fā)非洲的，有很多是歐洲的公司，跨國公司的舉動會影響到很多國家的經(jīng)濟政策。nuclear weapons proliferation

　　by the same token, the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.

　　3、當(dāng)然，這樣是不夠的，必須由各個國家充分地發(fā)揮主動的作用take positive action。因為資源是全人類的，每個國家都有責(zé)任并且都有必要。只有將統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與各國的積極性作用一起結(jié)合，才是最fective的方法。

　　Optional words:

　　Sacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost

　　Conserve/ protect/ guard/ keep/ maintain

　　Thesis sentence:

　　To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership.

　　View1:

　　International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources.

　　Evidence: OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-rining and over utilization of oil energy.

　　View2:

　　It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benit in the future.

　　Evidence:

　　Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy ficient.

　　Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great fort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea .

　　42. technology seperates and alienates people more than bring them together

　　原題：“Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together.”

　　從根本上說，科技使人們疏遠遠甚于使人們聚合在一起。

　　提供觀點：

　　1. 不能交流的可以交流了，不容易交流的變得容易拉

　　2. 增進交流也就加強了理解使得交流有更深的層次

　　3. 當(dāng)然有些工具的產(chǎn)生確實也使得交流變得膚淺但是綜合來看不支持作者的觀點

　　以上澳際留學(xué)更新2011年gmat機經(jīng)，以上2011年8月-9月gmat作文機經(jīng)更新，AI，8月20日至8月26日，共42題。希望大家的gmat考試順利!

　　以下澳際留學(xué)更新2011gmat機經(jīng)，以下2011年8月-9月gmat作文機經(jīng)更新，AI，8月20日至8月26日，共42題。希望大家的gmat考試順利!

　　40. 本月機經(jīng)5次

　　“All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”(34)

　　提供觀點：

　　1. 比起專業(yè)的公共服務(wù)組織，所有的公民都完成一定的公共服務(wù)顯得比較低效率。因為我們是在一個高度專業(yè)化分工十分明晰的社會，放棄專業(yè)的公共服務(wù)組織而采取強制性的公民義務(wù)形式的服務(wù)會使得效率十分低下，而且也會讓大多數(shù) 人不滿，畢竟每個人都有自己的職業(yè)和愛好。

　　2. 管理成本的高昂也是該計劃難以貫徹的一個原因。這項決定潛在上要求了要有人監(jiān)督每個公民是否履行了自己的義務(wù)，也要有人給每個公民分配任務(wù).

　　3. 誠然就象作者所說的那樣確實會從整體上給國家?guī)硪欢ǖ暮锰?，同時給每個參與的人提供和更多人交流等機會，但是在權(quán)衡利弊之后尤其是在和專業(yè)化組織對比之后還是得不償失的be not worth the candle mandatory compulsory ...be weighed against ...

　　individual compliance enforcement nullify stifle incompetence competent tantamount to 等價 insofar as...

　　1. 對于國家和社會的好處：首先，強制性mandatory social work可以增加人力資源——因為social work的wage比較低，所以在非強制的情況下，只有少數(shù)人愿意參加，這樣導(dǎo)致了人員的不足;廣泛的參與extensive participation可以引起大家的重視——激發(fā)人們更加愛護公共設(shè)施,從而降低整個expense on the maintaining. 因為公共設(shè)施becomes a aggregation of the hard work of all the citizens. 人們不付出努力,就不會珍惜

　　2. 對參與者的好處: The principal thing in this world is to keep one’s soul aloft. Flaubert(the great novelist)公共服務(wù)可以使人們更加意識到自己的社會責(zé)任感duty, 也同時有益于平時的工作; 可以增加人與人的交流, 在完全沒有壓力的環(huán)境下, 心靈得到放松.

　　3. 當(dāng)然, 完全強制有可能引起stimulate抵觸emotion of repellence, 也要注意方法,同時不要影響正常的工作.

　　View1: public service, a main approach to show social responsibilities, benits both the county and the participants.

　　View2: When becomes a burden and stress to the participants, public service harm not only individual performers but also entire society. Cost of enforcement, reduction of ficiency, increase of abhorrence.

　　北美范文：

　　The potential benits of mandatory public service must be weighed against administrative problems and concerns about individual liberty. On balance, the costs to a nation and to the participants would probably exceed the benits.

　　Admittedly, a colorable argument can be made for mandatory public service. It would help alleviate “free-rider” problems, where those who do not contribute benit from the forts of those who do. It would mitigate pressing social problems—with education, public health and safety, and the environment. It might instill in participants a sense of civic duty, community, and individual responsibility. Finally, it has worked on a smaller scale, particularly in urban areas, where renewal projects succeed in making communities safer, healthier, and more prosperous.

　　Far more compelling, however, are the arguments against mandatory public service. First, who would make assignments and decide what projects are worthwhile, and how would compliance be assured? Resolving enforcement issues would require government control, in turn requiring increased taxes and/or cuts in other social programs, thereby nullifying the benits of mandatory public service. Second, a mandatory system would open the floodgates to incompetence and inexperience. Finally, the whole notion seems tantamount to Communism insofar as each citizen must contribute, according to his or her ability, to a strong state. Modern history informs us that such systems do not work. One could argue that mandatory public service is simply a tax in the form of labor rather than dollars. However, compulsory labor smacks of involuntary servitude, whereas financial taxes do not.

　　In conclusion, logistical and philosophical barriers to mandating public service outweigh its potential benits for the nation as well as for participants.

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