SAT2生物專業(yè)詞匯H.

　　下面為大家整理的是關(guān)于SAT2生物專業(yè)詞匯中以字母H為開頭的相關(guān)詞匯，包括了詳細(xì)的漢語翻譯和英語含義解析。大家在備考SAT2生物考試的時(shí)候，重要的一個(gè)備考項(xiàng)目就是記憶相當(dāng)數(shù)量的專業(yè)詞匯。一起來看看詳細(xì)內(nèi)容吧。

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　　haploid number(單倍目)

　　The number of homologous pairs in a cell. Equal to half the diploid number. Gametes, cells that are passed on to offspring, contain the haploid number of chromosomes. In humans, the haploid number is 23.

　　Heart(心)

　　The muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system. Mammals and birds have a four-chambered heart, with a lt atrium and ventricle and a right atrium and ventricle. The right half of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the lt half receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.

　　Heredity(遺傳)

　　The genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring, so that offspring resemble their parents. Traits transmitted this way are called hereditary traits.

　　Heterotrophs(異養(yǎng)生物)

　　Organisms that can only get the organic molecules and energy necessary for life through the consumption of other organic matter. In the food web, all consumers and decomposers are heterotrophs. Heterotrophs can be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores.

　　Heterozygous(雜合體)

　　A situation in which an individual (heterozygote) possesses two dissimilar alleles for the same gene. The opposite is homozygous.

　　homologous chromosomes(同源染色體)

　　Chromosomes containing the same series of genes; they may or may not carry the same alleles. Humans receive one set of 23 paternal chromosomes from their male parent and another set of 23 maternal chromosomes from their female parent. Each set matches up to the other for a total of 23 different pairs of homologous chromosomes. During meiosis, homologous pairs line up and are separated. In males, the X and Y chromosomes act as a homologous pair, although they are only partially homologous.

　　homologous trait(同源)

　　A trait found in different species that are morphologically and functionally similar and that comes from the same ancestral condition. A whale’s fin and a human’s arm are homologous structures.

　　Homozygous(純合體)

　　A situation in which an individual (homozygote) has the exact same allele on both homologous chromosomes. Mating of two individuals with the same homozygous genotype will produce only offspring with that same identical genotype. The two identical alleles may be dominant or recessive (e.g., RR or rr). The opposite of homozygous is heterozygous.

　　Hormones(激素)

　　A chemical messenger that can be made of either peptides or lipids. Secreted by glands in one part of the body, hormones affect glands or organs in another part.

　　Hybrid(雜合物)

　　A genetic mixture; the offspring of two genetically different parents. Hybrids are usually heterozygous for a variety of genes.

　　hydrogen bond(氫鍵)

　　A weak bond between hydrogen and a set of other elements, including oxygen. Hydrogen bonds are a subset of dipole-dipole interactions.

　　Hydrolysis(水解)

　　A common biochemical reaction in which the bond between two molecules is split by the addition of a water molecule. Hydrolysis is the process that breaks down polymers and dimers. The reverse is dehydration synthesis.

　　Hydrophilic(親水的)

　　Having an affinity for water; usually polar molecules. For the SAT II Biology, this is principally important in relation to the phospholipid bilayer.

　　Hydrophobic(恐水的)

　　Having a reluctance to mix with water; usually nonpolar molecules. The fatty acids that form the interior pocket between the two layers of the cell membrane are hydrophobic.

　　hydrostatic skeleton(流體靜力學(xué)性骨骼)

　　A fluid skeleton in many soft-bodied invertebrates, including annelids, that allows an organism to change shape but not volume.

　　Hypertonic(高滲的)

　　A situation in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is higher than what it contains. For example, a sodium solution of 10 percent would be hypertonic to an animal cell (with a sodium concentration of about 0.9 percent), causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.

　　Hypothalamus(下丘腦)

　　Part of the brain responsible for temperature regulation, controlling hunger and thirst, and managing water balance. It also helps generate emotion.

　　Hypotonic(低滲的)

　　A situation in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is lower than what an organism contains. An example is a paramecium in pond water: the organism has more solutes than its environment, so water flows into the cell by osmosis. Paramecia have evolved contractile vacuoles to keep from exploding.

　　以上就是以字母H開頭的SAT2生物專業(yè)詞匯的全部內(nèi)容，非常詳細(xì)。大家在備考自己的SAT2生物考試的時(shí)候，可以把份詞匯作為查缺補(bǔ)漏的單詞表，也可以作為備考前期的準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行參考。

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