更多制造商回歸美國制造.

　　More U.S. manufacturers are moving some of their production back from China, a new survey shows.一份新調(diào)查顯示，更多美國制造商開始將一些生產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)從中國移回美國。

　　The survey by Boston Consulting Group, conducted in August and released Tuesday, found that 38% of U.S.-based manufacturing executives who responded were shifting production to the U.S. or considering that, up from 18% in a similar survey in February 2012. The latest survey drew responses from 216 U.S.-based executives at companies with annual sales of more than $1 billion.Tim Hussin for The Wall Street Journal調(diào)查由波士頓咨詢公司（Boston Consulting Group）今年8月進(jìn)行，本周二發(fā)布。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，做出回應(yīng)的38%的駐美國制造業(yè)高管正將生產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)向美國轉(zhuǎn)移，或正考慮這么做，這一比例高于2012年2月類似調(diào)查中的18%。這份最新調(diào)查得到了年銷售額超過10億美元公司的216名駐美國高管的回應(yīng)。

　　About 13% of the companies already were moving production back or had done so, the latest survey found. About 8% planned to move production to the U.S. within two years, and 17% were considering such moves. Another 17% said they probably would consider moving production.調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，約13%的公司已開始將生產(chǎn)搬回美國本土或已經(jīng)完成了轉(zhuǎn)移，約8%計劃在兩年內(nèi)將生產(chǎn)搬回美國，17%考慮這么做。另有17%的公司說，他們很可能會考慮轉(zhuǎn)移生產(chǎn)。

　　Scores of companies -- including General Electric Co., Whirlpool Corp. and Caterpillar Inc. -- have announced such &aposreshoring&apos moves in the past couple of years. Manufacturers increasingly try to shorten supply lines and reduce inventory by making products closer to where they are sold. Meanwhile, the surge in Chinese wages and higher shipping costs mean Asian production is no longer a no-brainer. The shale-gas boom is reducing U.S. energy costs, and some firms want to move production home to protect intellectual property.包括通用電氣（General Electric Co.）、惠而浦（Whirlpool Corp.）和卡特彼勒（Caterpillar Inc.）在內(nèi)的眾多公司已在過去幾年宣布采取這類“回岸”舉措。生產(chǎn)商通過拉近產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷地的距離，越來越努力地縮短供應(yīng)鏈，減少庫存。同時，中國內(nèi)地工資大幅上漲和運輸費用增加也意味著，不假思索地在亞洲制造產(chǎn)品的年代已一去不返。頁巖氣的興起正在降低美國能源價格，一些公司想把生產(chǎn)挪回美國本土，以保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。

　　But offshore production is still attractive for many types of work, such as sewing clothes or assembling smart phones, that require lots of manual labor as well as suppliers or expertise that may no longer exist in the U.S. Regulations and taxes also can be less burdensome abroad.但境外生產(chǎn)對縫制衣服或組裝智能手機(jī)等多類工作仍具有吸引力，這些工作不僅需要大量的人工勞動，還需要美國可能已不存在的供應(yīng)商或?qū)I(yè)技能。再者，海外的監(jiān)管和納稅負(fù)擔(dān)可能也比美國本土要輕。

　　The most important considerations in deciding where to put production include labor costs, proximity to customers, quality of workmanship, availability of skilled labor, and taxes and other financial considerations, the survey found.調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在決定將生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到哪里時，最重要的考量因素包括勞動力成本、距客戶遠(yuǎn)近、工藝質(zhì)量、是否有熟練工人以及稅收和金融財務(wù)因素等。