馬來西亞應向新加坡學習.

　　馬來西亞應向新加坡學習，這到底是怎樣的一種情況呢?編者為什么要這樣說呢?

　　Fifty years ago, Malaysia expelled Singapore from the federation and the two entities went theirseparate ways. So distraught was Lee Kuan Yew, then Singapore’s chi minister, that heshed tears in public for the first and last time in his long and extraordinary career. Half acentury later, it should be Malaysians who are crying.

　　50年前，馬來西亞將新加坡驅逐出馬來西亞聯(lián)邦，兩個實體從此分道揚鑣。時任新加坡首席部長的李光耀(LeeKuan Yew)當時如此悲痛，以至于他首次——也是漫長而非凡的政治生涯中最后一次——在公開場合落淚。半個世紀后，流淚的應該是馬來西亞人。

　　Undoubtedly, Singapore has its problems. Its brand of authoritarian guided development hasdelivered prosperity and produced the world’s slickest city state. But many Singaporeans feelsomething is missing in their controlled society, a hole that cannot be filled by economicgrowth. Yet whatever difficulties Singapore faces, these pale in comparison with those ofMalaysia. Not only is Malaysia going through its worst political crisis in years after hundreds ofmillions of dollars found their way into the bank account of Najib Razak, the prime minister.More critically, Malaysia has been undergoing a long-term meltdown in which the political,religious and ethnic compact that has underpinned the country since independence groansunder its own rotten contradictions.

　　新加坡無疑有它的問題。其特有的威權指引發(fā)展模式帶來了繁榮，締造了世界上最高效的城市國家。但許多新加坡人覺得，他們身處的受控社會是有缺失的，而這種缺失是經(jīng)濟增長填補不了的。然而，無論新加坡面對什么困難，這些困難與馬來西亞相比實在算不了什么。馬來西亞正在經(jīng)歷多年來最嚴峻的政治危機，起因是該國總理納吉布拉扎克(Najib Razak)的銀行賬戶不知怎么多出了數(shù)億美元。更嚴重的是，馬來西亞正走在長期的下坡路上，自獨立以來支撐著該國的政治、宗教和民族“契約”在自己造成的嚴重矛盾下岌岌可危。

　　For all the doubts that nag at Singapore, from democracy to demography, the city has beenan incredible success. Its per capita gross domestic product, $56,000 in nominal terms, ismore than five times that of Malaysia’s $11,000.

　　盡管有各種疑慮困擾著新加坡(從民主體制到人口結構)，這個城市國家仍是一個令人難以置信的成功故事。其5.6萬美元的名義人均國內生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)，是馬來西亞1.1萬美元的五倍多。

　　True, in the post-Lee era, Singapore’s People’s Action party, which has held power sinceindependence, has lost its aura of infallibility. Nearly 40 per cent of Singaporeans votedagainst it in the last elections. Yet, the PAP is still widely regarded as honest and competent.The same cannot be said for the United Malays National Organisation, which has clung on topower for nearly six decades. Its leader is now embroiled in a scandal linked to stateinvestment fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad, which has racked up $11bn in debt. Thecountry’s anti-corruption agency has denied media allegations that $675m in Mr Razak’saccount came from 1MDB — it says the money came from an unnamed Middle East donor. MrRazak denies any wrongdoing. But whatever the truth in that case, UMNO has long fronted athoroughly corrupt political system. Malaysia’s public senses this. In the 2013 election, UMNOlost the popular vote but scraped into power thanks to an electoral system stacked in itsfavour. Since then, the state, too often synonymous with UMNO, has turned its guns on theopposition, jailing its leader Anwar Ibrahim, on charges of sodomy.

　　沒錯，在后李光耀時代，自新加坡獨立以來一直執(zhí)政的人民行動黨(PAP)失去了絕對正確的光環(huán)。在近期的選舉中，近40%的新加坡人投票反對該黨。然而，人民行動黨仍被普遍認為是誠實和能干的。這樣的評價不適用于在馬來西亞抱住權位近60年不放的馬來民族統(tǒng)一機構(UMNO，中文簡稱：巫統(tǒng))。其領導人現(xiàn)在卷入了涉及政府投資基金——背負110億美元債務的“1MDB”(1Malaysia Development Berhad)的丑聞。該國反腐敗機構否認了有關納吉布賬戶上的6.75億美元來自1MDB的媒體指控;該機構稱這筆錢來自一中東捐贈者，但未披露姓名。納吉布否認自己有任何不當行為。但是，無論該案的是非曲直如何，巫統(tǒng)都長期領導著一個徹底腐敗的政治體制。馬來西亞公眾意識到這一點。在2013年的選舉中，巫統(tǒng)在票數(shù)上失利，但借助一套對其有利的選舉制度勉強繼續(xù)掌權。自那以來，往往已成為巫統(tǒng)同義詞的馬來西亞政府對反對黨開刀，以雞奸罪名監(jiān)禁反對黨領導人安瓦爾易卜拉欣(Anwar Ibrahim)。

　　In one sense comparing the two countries is unfair. Singapore, with a population of only 5m, isa city. Malaysia, with 450 times the land area and a population of 30m, is harder to govern.Lee, Singapore’s founding father who died in March, held Singapore tightly in his mostlybenevolent grip. It is hard to see how such micromanagement could have worked in a muchbigger country.

　　在某種意義上，對比這兩個國家是不公平的。人口僅500萬的新加坡是一個城市。陸地面積是新加坡450倍、人口3000萬的馬來西亞顯然更難治理。3月去世的新加坡開國總理李光耀以總體上仁慈的手腕牢牢掌管著國家。很難看出這樣的微觀管理能在一個大得多的國家奏效。

　　Still, both countries have potentially combustible ethnic mixes. Singapore has done better atforging a sense of fairness and national unity, through language, meritocracy andincorruptibility. Malaysia, in the name of protecting Malays through positive discrimination, hasby contrast created a crony capitalist state. It should learn from Singapore. It should showzero tolerance for corruption, starting with Mr Najib, who must clear his name or step down.Prerential treatment for Malays should be phased out and the government should forgepolicies of national unity, not ones of division based on religion or Malay ethnicity. Singapore hascreated a strong foundation from which it can move forward. Malaysia must stop the rot, orslip disastrously backwards.

　　話雖如此，這兩個國家都存在容易產(chǎn)生沖突的多民族問題。新加坡借助語言、任人唯賢和廉潔制度，在營造公平和民族團結意識方面做得更好。馬來西亞則以保護馬來人為名明確實行歧視政策，搞成了一個裙帶資本主義國家。馬來西亞應該學習新加坡的經(jīng)驗。它應該表現(xiàn)出對腐敗的零容忍，從納吉布開始，他必須要么證明自己清白，要么下臺。優(yōu)待馬來人的政策應該被取消，政府應該出臺民族團結政策，而不是基于宗教或馬來族裔的分裂政策。新加坡夯實了一個讓國家能夠向前邁進的堅實基礎。馬來西亞必須刮骨療毒，否則就可能災難性地向后倒退。