關(guān)于GMAT考試的三十六計(jì).

　　如何備戰(zhàn)gmat考試，對(duì)于很多計(jì)劃參加gmat考試的人來(lái)說(shuō)，在gmat備考階段需要掌握的技巧有很多，下面就來(lái)看看在gmat考試中常會(huì)遇到的一些問(wèn)題如何解答。

　　第一類(lèi) ：李代桃僵——以非并列結(jié)構(gòu)連詞手段引起意合

　　老PREP 60. (27763-!-item-!-188;#058&003346)

　　Mideast immigrants&apos rates of entrepreneurship exceed virtually every other immigrant group in the increasingly diverse United States economy.

　　A. Mideast immigrants&apos rates of entrepreneurship exceed

　　B. Mideast immigrants are exhibiting rates of entrepreneurship exceeding

　　C. Immigrants from the Mideast exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of

　　D. The rates of entrepreneurship in immigrants from the Mideast exceed

　　E. The rates of Mideast immigrants&apos entrepreneurship exceeds those of

　　本題的題眼在于“exceed”，其實(shí)這是一個(gè)隱含的比較，A 超過(guò)B，一個(gè)隱含前提是A和B需要是對(duì)等的事物。以此切入，可知本題是兩個(gè)rates進(jìn)行比較，所以those of一定要出現(xiàn)。易得正確選項(xiàng)C。

　　延伸：既然exceed有這種意合，那么所以隱含了比較的動(dòng)詞是否都應(yīng)該引起我們的警惕?surpass、overweight……

　　新PREP 220. (29238-!-item-!-188;#058&003590) (GWD-6-Q31)

　　The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness。

　　A. The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

　　B. That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably

　　C. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely considerable variation

　　D. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it is a fact that highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely a considerable variation

　　E. Because some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly and others look quite dissimilar, this fact highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

　　此題看點(diǎn)在于命題老頭對(duì)原句精妙的改寫(xiě)。請(qǐng)看：That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar. 意思上是不是等于that they vary considerably? 所以這個(gè)句子的原貌是：

　　That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar, namely that they vary considerably，(到此處為主語(yǔ)) highlights(謂語(yǔ)) an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs。

　　此處，namely引起了一個(gè)意合，要求兩端的形式盡量一致。那么，為啥讀者讀到的最后版本的句子和上面這個(gè)不同呢?原因很簡(jiǎn)單，就是命題者依據(jù)避免主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)的原則，把namely后面的半截移到了句子最后，進(jìn)一步加大了題目的難度。這一招在其它題目也出現(xiàn)過(guò)，請(qǐng)看這題：

　　GWD-11-Q33:

　　After more than four decades of research and development, a new type of jet engine is being tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help boost cargoes into space at significantly lower costs than current methods permit。

　　A. tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help

　　B. tested that could eventually have the capability of propelling aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or to help

　　C. tested, eventually able to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping

　　D. tested, and it eventually could propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or helping

　　E. tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help

　　that從句實(shí)際上修飾的是engine，可是被挪后了，目的也是為了減少主語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)度。

　　延伸：老頭連namely都能編出意合的題目，所以請(qǐng)一定留心能表達(dá)出兩邊相等關(guān)系的東東，如be動(dòng)詞，A means B等等。

　　第二類(lèi)：暗度陳倉(cāng)—形式并列松散，邏輯呼應(yīng)緊密

　　188. (28112-!-item-!-188;#058&002759) (GWD-7-Q33)

　　The health benits of tea have been the subject of much research; in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke。

　　A. in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting

　　B. in addition to its possibilities to prevent or inhibit

　　C. besides the possibility that it prevents and inhibits

　　D. besides the possible preventing and inhibiting of

　　E. besides possibly preventing or inhibiting

　　此題咋看著 in addition to或者besides不知道怎么用，因?yàn)楹芏嗳松驳卣J(rèn)為主語(yǔ)和in addiction to 之后的東西應(yīng)該平行，其實(shí)不然，該題的妙處，也是在于意合，讀者需要判斷，“防治癌癥”這事兒，到底和句子中哪個(gè)地方有資格構(gòu)成“意合”?

　　如果還沒(méi)看出，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我重溫一下老頭挪位置的常用伎倆，看看這個(gè)被我挪過(guò)的句子：The brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke, besides possibly preventing or inhibiting some forms of cancer

　　這會(huì)兒看明白了吧，實(shí)際上，他們需要和in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke平行，本題答案也呼之欲出了。當(dāng)然，本題還有其它看點(diǎn)，容后再述。

　　有了這題的基礎(chǔ)，大家應(yīng)該會(huì)比較明天PREP里面大家一直郁悶的兩題，答案是怎么回事，因?yàn)椋?In addition to 到底和誰(shuí)平行，不是由誰(shuí)放在主語(yǔ)說(shuō)了算，而是意思說(shuō)了算!

　　In addition to her work on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting East African cave paintings。

　　加粗部分才是真正的平行雙方。

　　(A) Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting

　　(B) Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and by painstakingly documenting

　　(C) Leakey was a contributor to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of

　　(D) Leakey&aposs contributions to archaeology include her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and her painstaking documentation of

　　(E) Leakey&aposs contributions to archaeology include discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstaking documentation of

　　129. (31370-!-item-!-188;#058&004475)

　　In addition to her work on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology through her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and through her painstaking documentation of East African cave paintings。

　　(A) Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology through her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and through her painstaking documentation of

　　(B) Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting

　　(C) Mary Leakey was a contributor to archaeology by discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of

　　(D) Mary Leakey&aposs contributions to archaeology include her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting

　　(E) Mary Leakey&aposs contributions to archaeology include her discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstaking documentation of

　　第三類(lèi)：聲東擊西——以形合誘敵，以意合擊之

　　197. (31514-!-item-!-188;#058&005971) (GWD-8-Q20)

　　Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly dorested whole regions。

　　A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

　　B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast)， which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

　　C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

　　D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

　　E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast)， giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

　　此題容易先入為主排除沒(méi)有not only but also的選項(xiàng)。實(shí)際上已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：誰(shuí)告訴你這個(gè)句子是并列關(guān)系了?實(shí)際上這句前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選的答案是D。當(dāng)然，本題也可以通過(guò)殺滅其它選項(xiàng)獲得答案。要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是避免先入為主這種錯(cuò)誤的做題習(xí)慣。

　　Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith and Duke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apart from the mainstream jazz repertory。

　　A. Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted

　　B. Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work that was rooted both

　　C. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk, who produced a body of work rooted

　　D. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted

　　E. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work rooted both

　　同上理，避免上來(lái)就判斷人家必用both …and結(jié)構(gòu)。人家可以不用。同時(shí)這題也可以看到一些教師引導(dǎo)考生不需要思維過(guò)程就做出判定的所謂“命題者偏好”是多么脆弱。D選項(xiàng)用的正是所謂“偏好”中不傾向的從句做定語(yǔ)。

　　老PREP 1. (24465-!-item-!-188;#058&000982)

　　To meet the rapidly rising market demand for fish and seafood, suppliers are growing fish twice as fast as their natural growth rate, cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets。

　　(A) their natural growth rate, cutting their feed allotment

　　(B) their natural growth rate, their feed allotment cut

　　(C) growing them naturally, cutting their feed allotment

　　(D) they grow naturally, cutting their feed allotment

　　(E) they grow naturally, with their feed allotment cut

　　本題容易根據(jù)劃線外的growing 選擇C答案。然而，此題的關(guān)鍵在于看出劃線外的grow和內(nèi)的grow意思其實(shí)并不相同。外面的grow是及物動(dòng)詞，意思大概相當(dāng)于“養(yǎng)”，里面的grow是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“生長(zhǎng)”，一個(gè)“naturally”已經(jīng)提示了我們，這個(gè)grow不是被人養(yǎng)的grow。故本題選擇D。

　　第四類(lèi)：圍魏救趙——杠桿里面做文章

　　Seldom more that 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River at Albany to the Great Lakes at Buffalo, providing the port of New York City with a direct water link to the heartland of the North American continent。

　　1. Seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected

　　2. Seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected

　　? It was seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, and ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, but the Erie Canal, connecting

　　? The Erie Canal was seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep and it ran 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, which connected

　　? The Erie Canal, seldom more than 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, connecting

　　看到老頭的小動(dòng)作了嗎?考生光顧著琢磨并列結(jié)構(gòu)的兩邊了，卻忽視了串聯(lián)他們的“杠桿”。實(shí)際上串聯(lián)兩邊的連詞傳遞了兩端不同的邏輯關(guān)系。對(duì)應(yīng)本題，正確的串聯(lián)應(yīng)該是or...but。因?yàn)榍鞍刖涫欠穸ň?，而兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

　　另上文還有兩題亦有此現(xiàn)象。

　　The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness。

　　A. The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

　　B. That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably

　　C. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely considerable variation

　　D. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it is a fact that highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely a considerable variation

　　E. Because some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly and others look quite dissimilar, this fact highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

　　經(jīng)過(guò)上文唧唧歪歪的用namely的意合做法，這時(shí)候是不是有種四兩撥千斤的感覺(jué)?

　　The health benits of tea have been the subject of much research; in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke。

　　A. in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting

　　B. in addition to its possibilities to prevent or inhibit

　　C. besides the possibility that it prevents and inhibits

　　D. besides the possible preventing and inhibiting of

　　E. besides possibly preventing or inhibiting

　　大家看出and 和or用法帶來(lái)的意思區(qū)別嗎? 一個(gè)是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，一個(gè)是二選一。而預(yù)防和治療兩個(gè)動(dòng)作不可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，所以只能選擇or。

　　通過(guò)上面對(duì)gmat考試中常會(huì)遇到的形合與意合的問(wèn)題解讀，相信對(duì)于很多計(jì)劃參加gmat考試的人來(lái)說(shuō)，在gmat備考階段可以根據(jù)上述的信息來(lái)整理出自己的解題方法和技巧。