攻克GMAT語法改錯：靈活運用原則.

　　GMAT對語法改錯的考查早已超過語言知識本身，具有很強的綜合性和很大的迷惑性。而其又具有自身固定的原則，由于考查范圍廣、出錯點多、原則多樣化。如何把死原則來靈活處理運用是我們提高的關鍵，下面通過幾個例子深入體會一下。

　　1. Dr. Hakuta&aposs research among Hispanic children in theUnited Statesindicates that the more the children use both Spanish and English，their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic.

　　(A)their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic

　　(B)their intellectual advantage is the greater in skills underlaying reading ability and nonverbal logic

　　(C)the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic

　　(D)in skills that underlay reading ability and nonver bal logic, their intellectual advantage is the greater

　　(E) in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic, the greater intellectual advantage is theirs

　　菜鳥語法手冊上給出了比較長的解釋，如下：The best choice is C. The phrasethe more the childrenshould be completed by a parallel phrase that begins with a compara tive adjective and a noun phrase, as inthe greater their... advantage.Only C correctly completes the structure with a parallel phrase. Choices A. B, D, and E present structures that are unwieldy and awkward in addition to being nonparallel, and that state the relationship between language use and skills development less clearly than C does. Also,underlayingin B andunderlayin D are incorrect; the meaning of this sentence requires the present participle of "underlie,"underlying,as a modifier ofskills.

　　其實本題不需要分析那么多，只要知道the more…the…的結構形式就能直接確定，因為這是一個主要因素。

　　2.Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoketoo irritating to be drawn into the lungs.

　　(A) Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke

　　(B) Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco is cured by age-old methods, yielding an alkaline smoke

　　(C)Unlike cigarette tobacco, which yields an acid smoke, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke

　　(D) Differing from cigarettes’ acid smoke, pipe tobacco’s alkaline smoke, cured by age-old methods, is

　　(E) The alkaline smoke of pipe tobacco differs from cigarettes’ acid smoke in that it is cured by age-old methods and is

　　解答本題時首先排除的是D答案，因為differ from不能用在句首。本題的正確答案為C，但是很多考生的目光都是在C上暫作停留就轉向其他選項了。原因是C中連用了兩個yield，這樣的句子毫無美感可言，缺乏變化?？墒乔f別忘記考慮到句子重心問題，其他幾個答案都是把句子重心搞錯了，smoke和cigarette對應有誤，這可是大禁忌，比起這個錯誤來，用詞重復還算得了什么呢?

　　3. Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxideswith atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

　　(A)with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　(B)with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　(C)and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　(D)and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive

　　(E)and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　這道題目的考查對象為between…and…這一常見的固定搭配，用來連接兩個名詞或名詞短語，本題對考生的干擾主要在于sulfur dioxide和nitrogen oxides中間已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一個and，有些考生就想到GMAT語法要求句子簡明，那么連用and肯定不合適，首先將C，D和E排除掉了。但是如果用with，整句話邏輯關系不通，這個錯誤當然要比用詞重復嚴重得多，相比之下還是選擇使語意合乎邏輯的選項，正確答案為E。我們不選C和D的理由并不是由于句子不簡潔，而是其邏輯關系有誤。

　　下面這道題目請考生自己按照上面所提到的思路去分析，不難得出正確答案為D。

　　4. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used byequipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate thatused by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.

　　(A)equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that

　　(B)equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

　　(C)equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

　　(D)visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that

　　(E) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

　　雖然語法改錯部分看起來容易把握，但在實際解題過程中，考生經(jīng)常顧此失彼，在幾個選項間徘徊猶豫半天依然難以確定最終答案。GMAT語法改錯的難度一方面來自題干，另一方面來自選項，因為我們要依靠選項之間的差別來獲得信息、尋求提示，其實這就反映了GMAT語法改錯答案的特點，也就是需要我們善于運用排除法，挑選出相對準確而有效的那一個。