GMAT語法套題及答案詳細(xì)解析(二).

答案詳細(xì)解析：

1. Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.

A) though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population

B) though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases

C) though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population

D) with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population

E) with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases

解析 ：首先從句子架構(gòu)入手，原文是典型并列句，從“，and”之前就不用看了，只看后面的句，而從A選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)后面的句子是復(fù)合句，架構(gòu)應(yīng)該為though+SVO, SVO. 但是我們的A，B選項(xiàng)中though引導(dǎo)的從句都沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，從句不完整（因?yàn)閔aving been taken 是非謂語動(dòng)詞）。

而DE選項(xiàng)沒有從句直接用介賓結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首做狀語，這時(shí)候就得需要考察邏輯主語，with some protective measures，邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人，而不是great increases，因?yàn)椴扇∫恍┍Ｗo(hù)性措施這個(gè)動(dòng)作只有人才可以發(fā)出。

所以只能選擇C選項(xiàng)。

另外本題還可以從like 和such as 入手，在GMAT語法中表列舉只有such as，like唯一意思表“像”，唯一詞性“介詞”。這樣本題可以直接排除AD，另外從平行結(jié)構(gòu)入手，未劃線有and 要求前后要平行，后面是介賓結(jié)果in the intensity ，那么and前面也應(yīng)該有介賓結(jié)果和它平行，所以只能選擇great increases in population的選項(xiàng)，直接排除BE.

2. A surge（ in new home sales） and a drop（ in weekly unemployment claims） suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts

(A) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts

(B) claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought

(C) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought

(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts

(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

解析：本題重點(diǎn)是找出句子的主語和謂語，句子主語a surge and a drop，謂語動(dòng)詞suggest，因?yàn)槭菑?fù)合主語，謂語動(dòng)詞只能是復(fù)數(shù)形式，直接排除B選項(xiàng)，另外DE選項(xiàng)都沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，suggesting非謂語動(dòng)詞直接排除。

A選項(xiàng)previously 是一般過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞，時(shí)態(tài)只能用一般過去時(shí)間，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)。

本題正確答案是C。

3. The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and southern Indian alphabets.

(A) the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and

(B) the Aramaic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and the

(C) with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and the

(D) with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern and

(E) with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern and

解析: 首先原文句子架構(gòu)屬于SVO, doing. Empire reached the Indus valley, bringing with it the script. 此處bringing’動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是原句主語，此處為伴隨狀語。 It指代的是empire。后面的which要就近指代script。

另外從定語從句內(nèi)部來看，A選項(xiàng)定語從句內(nèi)部屬于典型的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，from which是介賓結(jié)構(gòu)不能做主語，緊跟出現(xiàn)謂語動(dòng)詞，那么真主就是緊跟其后的名詞，為alphabets是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞不可以使用單數(shù)，另外字母表起源是主動(dòng)發(fā)出不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以A選項(xiàng)不對(duì)，排除。

B選項(xiàng)and 要求前后要平行，and后面為定語從句，前面沒有定語從句和其平行，另外看定語從句內(nèi)部沒有謂語動(dòng)詞 deriving為非謂語動(dòng)詞。 另外which 也跳躍指代不好。

CD選項(xiàng)唯一區(qū)別點(diǎn)就是主謂一致，因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z是alphabets，所以謂語動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

關(guān)于the的特指，gmat只要求平行結(jié)構(gòu)中特制對(duì)特制，泛指對(duì)泛指，別的沒有特殊要求

E選項(xiàng)deriving 和bringing形式上平行，bringing 為伴隨狀語，但是deriving不是empire的伴隨狀語。不可以平行。另外E both..and平行有問題，不可以特制對(duì)泛指。

4. Based on records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woollen robe that they used to dress a statue of the goddess Athena and that this robe depicted scenes of a battle between Zeus, Athena&aposs father, and giants（and之后that引導(dǎo)的是名詞性從句，因?yàn)閠hat在從句中沒有充當(dāng)任何成分）.

(A) Based on records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women （邏輯主語不對(duì)）collaborated to weave a new woollen robe that they used to dress定語從句，因?yàn)閠hat充當(dāng)?shù)氖菑木渲械馁e語，所以此that從句不可以和后面未劃線and之后that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句平行）排除此選項(xiàng)。

(B) Based on recordsfrom ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women（邏輯主語不對(duì)，不是based動(dòng)作接收者，A選項(xiàng)同類錯(cuò)） had collaborated（時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)） to weave a new woollen robe with which to dress （本選項(xiàng)導(dǎo)致未劃線and前后不平行）

(C) According to records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woollen robe（ that they used to dress 定語從句，因?yàn)閠hat充當(dāng)?shù)氖菑木渲械馁e語，所以此that從句不可以和后面未劃線and之后that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句平行）排除此選項(xiàng)。

(D) Records from ancient Athens indicate that each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woollen robe with which they dressed （此處that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句屬于名詞性從句，可以和未劃線后面that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句平行）

(E) Records from ancient Athens indicate（此處賓語從句that不能?。?each year young Athenian women had collaborated to weave a new woollen robe for dressing （不表目的）

5. Although unhappy with the high rent her company was paying for its suburban office building, the chi executive recognized rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as far lower than it typically is for property that is located within the city limits.

(A) rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as far lower than it（特指名詞及其修飾語，導(dǎo)致邏輯錯(cuò)誤。另外it單數(shù)代詞不能指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞rental rates；另外原文出現(xiàn)代詞its指代her company，所以不可以再用it指代別的東西） typically is for property that is located within the city limits

(B) rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as being far lower than what the rates typically charged within the city limits had been for property located there （being +形容詞必錯(cuò)）

(C) rental rates typically being charged for property located within the city limits to be far lower as they typically were within the city limits for the property there （n +being+done必錯(cuò)）

(D) that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than rental rates typically being charged within the city limits for property located there （n +being+done必錯(cuò)）

(E) that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than those typically charged for property located within the city limits （ those指代rental rates 比較對(duì)象對(duì)等）正確

6. As a result of the ground-breaking work of Barbara McClintock, Many scientists now believe thatall of theinformation（ encoded in 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes）（ found in a human cell） are contained in merely three percent of the cell’s DNA.

(A) 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely

(B) 50,000 to 100,000 of the human cell’s different genes are contained in a mere

(C) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in human cells are contained in merely

(D) 50,000 to 100,000 of human cells’ different genes is contained in merely （從未劃線可知前面出現(xiàn)的cell是單數(shù)，因?yàn)槲磩澗€說the cell’s DNA,本選項(xiàng)使用human cells 不對(duì)）

(E) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere （正確）

賓語從句內(nèi)部主語是information 為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù), 直接排除ABC.

7. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.

(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work( that took him seven years to complete )and( that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced (and前后是兩個(gè)定語從句平行，a work 作為translation的同位語沒有問題)

(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work（ that had taken seven years to complete此為定語從句） and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as（pronounced 這個(gè)詞后面直接接其賓語及賓補(bǔ)就可以，不用as；另外and之后的that從句為名詞性從句，所以and前后不平行）

(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as （pronounced 這個(gè)詞后面直接接其賓語及賓補(bǔ)就可以，不用as；另外and之后的that從句為名詞性從句，所以and前后不平行；還有就是a work 只能做translation的同位語，而此處沒有名詞translation，it沒了指代項(xiàng)，直接排除）

(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it（ a work 只能做translation的同位語，而此處沒有名詞translation，直接排除，另外時(shí)態(tài)不能用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，只能用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，it無指代項(xiàng)；and之后為完整SVO,如果SVO 和SVO平行，and之前用”,”隔開才對(duì)。）

8. Legislation（ in the Canadian province of Ontario） requires答案詳細(xì)解析：

1. Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.

A) though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population

B) though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases

C) though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population

D) with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population

E) with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases

解析 ：首先從句子架構(gòu)入手，原文是典型并列句，從“，and”之前就不用看了，只看后面的句，而從A選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)后面的句子是復(fù)合句，架構(gòu)應(yīng)該為though+SVO, SVO. 但是我們的A，B選項(xiàng)中though引導(dǎo)的從句都沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，從句不完整（因?yàn)閔aving been taken 是非謂語動(dòng)詞）。

而DE選項(xiàng)沒有從句直接用介賓結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首做狀語，這時(shí)候就得需要考察邏輯主語，with some protective measures，邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人，而不是great increases，因?yàn)椴扇∫恍┍Ｗo(hù)性措施這個(gè)動(dòng)作只有人才可以發(fā)出。

所以只能選擇C選項(xiàng)。

另外本題還可以從like 和such as 入手，在GMAT語法中表列舉只有such as，like唯一意思表“像”，唯一詞性“介詞”。這樣本題可以直接排除AD，另外從平行結(jié)構(gòu)入手，未劃線有and 要求前后要平行，后面是介賓結(jié)果in the intensity ，那么and前面也應(yīng)該有介賓結(jié)果和它平行，所以只能選擇great increases in population的選項(xiàng)，直接排除BE.

2. A surge（ in new home sales） and a drop（ in weekly unemployment claims） suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts

(A) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts

(B) claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought

(C) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought

(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts

(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

解析：本題重點(diǎn)是找出句子的主語和謂語，句子主語a surge and a drop，謂語動(dòng)詞suggest，因?yàn)槭菑?fù)合主語，謂語動(dòng)詞只能是復(fù)數(shù)形式，直接排除B選項(xiàng)，另外DE選項(xiàng)都沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，suggesting非謂語動(dòng)詞直接排除。

A選項(xiàng)previously 是一般過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞，時(shí)態(tài)只能用一般過去時(shí)間，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)。

本題正確答案是C。

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