GMAT語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解（十九）.

　　從今天開始澳際留學(xué)小編會(huì)為大家整理一些有關(guān)GMAT語(yǔ)法的試題，并附有這些試題的講解以及GMAT語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)。紅色標(biāo)注的為每道題的正確選項(xiàng)，關(guān)于每道題解析中一開始的考點(diǎn)說明會(huì)有列舉得比較詳細(xì)，建議參看的戰(zhàn)友第一次看本筆記時(shí)先跳過那些考點(diǎn)說明，直接看選項(xiàng)分析，有不懂的點(diǎn)再回頭核對(duì)相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。為不強(qiáng)加思維于眾考生，筆記里面大多題目并沒有點(diǎn)出做題的思維方式，只分析了錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。希望這些分析以及相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)能幫到大家。更多相關(guān)問題可咨詢澳際留學(xué)在線專家，如果有任何意見和建議，也請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

209. (T-3-Q7)

　　In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat.

　　A. number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,

　　B. number of wild salmon is reduced because deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled,

　　C. numbers of wild salmon has been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,

　　D. wild salmon’s numbers are reduced by deep-sea and coastal netting that is not controlled, (E)

　　E. wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,

　　題目釋義：In Scotland，wild salmon’s numbers have reduced by…by….and by…

　　考點(diǎn)：

　　主謂一致(agreement) 平行結(jié)構(gòu)(parallelism predication) 邏輯意思(logical construction)

　　1. the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　2. and平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

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　　選項(xiàng)分析：

　　A. have錯(cuò)誤，主謂不一致;because of 與未劃線部分的by不平行

　　B. because與未劃線部分的by不平行

　　C. the numbers錯(cuò)誤(MANHATTAN SC上提到：Never select an answer choice containing the phrase THE NUMBERS OF);and平行錯(cuò)誤同A

　　D. that is not controlled不如uncontrolled簡(jiǎn)潔

　　E. correct;關(guān)于number與numbers無(wú)需做過多區(qū)分，只要保持主謂一致即可(有一種說法認(rèn)為因?yàn)榭倲?shù)量的持續(xù)改變所以要用復(fù)數(shù)numbers，有一定道理，不過未經(jīng)理論證實(shí))

　　補(bǔ)充說明：

　　Number的用法小結(jié)—by Mayanist：

　　幾種用法之間區(qū)別：非核心詞與核心詞;number的意義;number與相關(guān)成分的單復(fù)數(shù)一致關(guān)系。

　　1) a number of / numbers of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)

　　可以理解為量詞結(jié)構(gòu)，a number of表示一些，numbers of表示大量

　　of后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞才是核心詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞因此總是復(fù)數(shù)

　　Many students arrived early, but only a number of them worked on their exercises.

　　The lake produces a good number of (=a lot of) salmon each season.

　　Numbers of birds fly across the lake.

　　另外：any number of 用于非正式場(chǎng)合，表示大量

　　There could be any number of (=many) reasons why she&aposs late.

　　OG237. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other at close range.

　　OG152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970’s, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an “Andromeda strain,” a microbe never bore seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural denses against it.

　　709. The Coast Guard recently redesigned channel markers in the Chesapeake Bay to

　　accommodate large numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests formerly obstructed the lights.

　　829. The speculative fever of the Roaring Twenties infected rich and poor alike; great numbers of people were dangerously overextended, credit was absurdly easy to obtain, and most brokerage houses required only ten percent cash for stocks bought on “margin.”

　　2) the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 動(dòng)詞單數(shù): number是核心詞，可以被具體的一個(gè)數(shù)字表示 可數(shù)物品累積起來(lái)的數(shù)量, 可數(shù)名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　這時(shí)number是核心詞，可以被具體化為一個(gè)數(shù)字，如50或者100，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞因此總是單數(shù)

　　The number of students who participated the interview was 100.

　　Today’s case brings the number of successful prosecutions in the region to thirty-four.

　　[這里有個(gè)疑問有待考證：是否可以從例子派生出The numbers of girl and boy students are respectively 30 and 70? 如果可以，則規(guī)則為：the number(s) of + n.(總是復(fù)數(shù)) + v.(單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)-取決于number的形式)]。

　　OG-verbal-5. A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

　　492. Los Angeles has a higher number of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city.

　　有人問為什么不選(D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities(C). ETS：the plural numbers is incorrect in that there is only a single number of such dwellings.

　　這題是什么時(shí)候用單數(shù)，什么時(shí)候用復(fù)數(shù)number的好例證：ETS的意思是，因?yàn)槿司》棵娣e只用一個(gè)數(shù)值就可以表示了，例如20平方米/人，即number 就是這個(gè)數(shù)，所以number 和對(duì)應(yīng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。另外，比較級(jí)higher表示將LA的number 和其他城市相應(yīng)的number相比：one number is larger/greater/higher than the other number.

　　3) numbers作為核心詞，表示可以被具體化的幾個(gè)數(shù)

　　530. New Jersey has one of the five highest numbers of reported(D) cases of Lyme disease in the United States.

　　908. Upset by the recent downturn in production numbers during the first half of the year, the board of directors, at its quarterly meeting, raised the possibility of

　　adding worker incentives.

　　因?yàn)槊總€(gè)公司的生產(chǎn)指標(biāo)有很多，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式的production numbers。比較題No.492，在那里family dwellings per capita只可以被具體化為一個(gè)數(shù)。

　　這些情況下，如果明確知道有多個(gè)數(shù)字，就用numbers。再例如Don&apost judge a team by its numbers.不能僅僅從數(shù)字(指標(biāo))上判斷一個(gè)隊(duì)(的好壞)。如NBA隊(duì)伍中每個(gè)球員都有rebound, assist, turnover, score等指標(biāo)，球隊(duì)有勝率，排名等指標(biāo)。這些指標(biāo)就是由多個(gè)數(shù)字表達(dá)的，所以即使team是單數(shù)，但是its + numbers是最合理的。上面的句子也可以改寫為：Don’t judge a team by those numbers listed on its website.

　　4) numbers作為核心詞，但可以被具體化的幾個(gè)數(shù)傾向不明顯

　　OG-verbal-72. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with (A) extinction; its numbers are now five-times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970’s.

　　因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，所以可推知numbers是number的復(fù)數(shù)形式，而不是什么固定用法。

　　TTGWD9-Q7: In Scotland, the (E) wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat.

　　另外，一些討論中說：numbers是復(fù)數(shù)做“人數(shù)，鳥群”講。Longman字典：Visitor numbers increase in the summer.　游客人數(shù)在夏季增加?，F(xiàn)代英漢詞典：Birds gather in large numbers beside the river.鳥兒一群群地聚在河邊。但是顯然后面一個(gè)例子中in large numbers是做副詞用，參見5)。

　　這一類用法是最難的，還沒有找到最有說服力的解釋。但是作題的時(shí)候，我們可以借用其他方面的線索，排除錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)。

　　5) in number(s) 慣用法: 如downturn/decline in number(s)，表示在數(shù)量指標(biāo)方面

　　In number adv., prep., n.總共，在數(shù)目上

　　They were printed in limited numbers.

　　Young people have been leaving the countryside in large numbers for urban

　　areas. [leave … for …]

　　The condors have dwindled to an estimated sixty in number.

　　48(non-OG). The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily because it lives at great depths – 2,500 to 3,000 feet down.

　　550. Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey. 這題主要是考察邏輯關(guān)系：black-footed ferrets (is) common throughout …, 只有A正確。

　　看來(lái)in number 或者in numbers在某些情況下，并不需要嚴(yán)格區(qū)分，畢竟GMAT時(shí)要求找最佳答案。或許550中用numbers也沒錯(cuò)。

　　6) the number (s) of + 名詞單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù) + 動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)，表示標(biāo)號(hào)，數(shù)字標(biāo)識(shí)

　　這時(shí)number是核心詞，number、物品、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞三者的單/復(fù)數(shù)形式要一致

　　The numbers of the machine parts A and B are respectively 201 and 203.

　　機(jī)器零件A和B的標(biāo)號(hào)分別是201和203。

　　派生出The number of machine part A is 201.

　　這時(shí)number與numbers互為單復(fù)數(shù)的關(guān)系。注意，這里。

　　The numbers of the machine parts are not available. 這些機(jī)器零件的號(hào)碼找不到了。

　　相關(guān)鏈接：

1.GMAT語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解（十八）

2.770分考生談GMAT語(yǔ)法

3.GMAT語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總