2017gmat機經(jīng),7-8月gmat作文機經(jīng)AI(至7.31)(三).

　　以下澳際留學(xué)更新2011gmat機經(jīng)，以下2011年8月gmat作文機經(jīng)，時間從2011年7月28日至7月31日，AI，目前共31題。希望大家gmat考試順利!

5. The most fective business leader has highest ethtical standards.

最fective的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖也是道德水平最高的。

題庫原題：“The most fective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”

提供觀點：

1、 反面的例子可以是說如果從最高的道德規(guī)范來看有些污染環(huán)境的行業(yè)根本就不應(yīng)該存在。但是從企業(yè)的長期發(fā)展來看以及從社會的福利最大化來看，只要污染控制在一定范圍就好。如化工廠只要把排污控制在國家規(guī)定的范圍就好。

道德不明確，每個人的標(biāo)準不一樣；法律立法時符合大多數(shù)人的要求明確具體；時滯可以用提高立法效率來解決

2、 支持者會認為, 高道德會贏得reputation and trust; 第一, 高道德生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品以及service,顧客穩(wěn)定stable share of the market; 第二, 高道德會讓員工滿意度提高(公平，平等). 從而attract those applicants with high ability and keep the employees loyal to the company---最終導(dǎo)致高的productivity.

例子：Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.

3、 但在更多的情況下, 高道德也許不equal to maximal profit. 比如,a, 如果把道德放在第一位的話,企業(yè)的executive很可能無法執(zhí)行裁員活動complete the normal administration, such as raising the price, reducing the superabundant staff… b, 高道德的話，很可能采用最高標(biāo)準的環(huán)保生產(chǎn)——這樣很不是cost-fective. 總之，F(xiàn)ollowing such undue concern about ethics, the company may find it impossible to survive in the radical competitive market, let alone to gain large profit.

View1: the dinition of highest standards of ethics varies from person to person and time to time. Therore, it is impractical to find and then stick to the highest standards of ethics.

View2: the regulations and laws of authorities are more feasible and suitable standards to follow.

View3: while waiting for government regulations may draw back the processes of eliminating the ill actions, we can count on the authorities to speed up the process of rining the laws and regulations.

范文：The speaker claims that following high ethical standards is the best way to maximize profits in the long run. However, this claim seems to be more of a normative statement than an empirical observation. The issue is more complex than the speaker suggests. In my observation, the two objectives at times coincide but at other times conflict.

In many ways behaving ethically can benit a business. Ethical conduct will gain a company good reputation that earns repeated business. Treating suppliers, customers and others fairly is likely to result in their reciprocating. Finally, a company that treats its employees fairly and with respect will gain their loyalty which, in turn, usually translates into higher productivity.

On the other hand, taking the most ethical course of action may in many cases reduce profits, in the short run and beyond. Consider the details of a merger in which both firms hope to profit from a synergy (n.最佳協(xié)合作用,企業(yè)合并后的協(xié)力優(yōu)勢) gained thereby. If the details of the merger hinge on (v. 靠..轉(zhuǎn)動, 以..為轉(zhuǎn)移) the ethical conviction that as few employees as possible should lose their jobs, the key executives may lose sight of the fact that a leaner, less labor-intensive organization might be necessary for long-term survival. Thus, undue concern with ethics in this case would results in lower profits and perhaps ultimate business failure.

This merger scenario points out a larger argument that the speaker misses entirely-that profit maximization is per se the highest ethical objective in private business. Why? By maximizing profits, businesses bestow a variety of important benits on their community and on society: they employ more people, stimulate the economy, and enhance healthy competition. In short, the profit motive is the key to ensuring that the members of a free market society survive and thrive. While this argument might ignore implications for the natural environment and for socioeconomic (of, relating to, or involving a combination of social and economic factors) justice, it is a compelling argument nonetheless.

Thus the choice to follow high ethical standards should not be made by thinking that ethical conduct is profitable. While in some cases a commitment to high ethical standards might benit a company financially, in many cases it will not. In the final analysis, businesses might best be advised to view their attempts to maximize profits as highly ethical behavior.

6. 參加公共服務(wù)不僅利于國家也利于個人

題庫原題：No.34 “All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”

34. “所有的市民都應(yīng)該被要求完成一定量的公共服務(wù)。這樣的服務(wù)將不但從整體上給國家?guī)砗锰?，也能給個人的參與者帶來好處。”

提供觀點：

1. 比起專業(yè)的公共服務(wù)組織，所有的公民都完成一定的公共服務(wù)顯得比較低效率。因為我們是在一個高度專業(yè)化分工十分明晰的社會，放棄專業(yè)的公共服務(wù)組織而采取強制性的公民義務(wù)形式的服務(wù)會使得效率十分低下，而且也會讓大多數(shù) 人不滿，畢竟每個人都有自己的職業(yè)和愛好。

2. 管理成本的高昂也是該計劃難以貫徹的一個原因。這項決定潛在上要求了要有人監(jiān)督每個公民是否履行了自己的義務(wù)，也要有人給每個公民分配任務(wù).

3. 誠然就象作者所說的那樣確實會從整體上給國家?guī)硪欢ǖ暮锰?，同時給每個參與的人提供和更多人交流等機會，但是在權(quán)衡利弊之后尤其是在和專業(yè)化組織對比之后還是得不償失的be not worth the candle mandatory compulsory ...be weighed against ...

individual compliance enforcement nullify stifle incompetence competent tantamount to 等價 insofar as...

1. 對于國家和社會的好處：首先，強制性mandatory social work可以增加人力資源——因為social work的wage比較低，所以在非強制的情況下，只有少數(shù)人愿意參加，這樣導(dǎo)致了人員的不足；廣泛的參與extensive participation可以引起大家的重視——激發(fā)人們更加愛護公共設(shè)施,從而降低整個expense on the maintaining. 因為公共設(shè)施becomes a aggregation of the hard work of all the citizens. 人們不付出努力,就不會珍惜

2. 對參與者的好處: The principal thing in this world is to keep one’s soul aloft. Flaubert（the great novelist）公共服務(wù)可以使人們更加意識到自己的社會責(zé)任感duty, 也同時有益于平時的工作; 可以增加人與人的交流, 在完全沒有壓力的環(huán)境下, 心靈得到放松.

3. 當(dāng)然, 完全強制有可能引起stimulate抵觸emotion of repellence, 也要注意方法,同時不要影響正常的工作.

View1: public service, a main approach to show social responsibilities, benits both the county and the participants.

View2: When becomes a burden and stress to the participants, public service harm not only individual performers but also entire society. Cost of enforcement, reduction of ficiency, increase of abhorrence.

北美范文：

The potential benits of mandatory public service must be weighed against administrative problems and concerns about individual liberty. On balance (adv. 總而言之), the costs to a nation and to the participants would probably exceed the benits.

Admittedly, a colorable (adj.似是而非的) argument can be made for mandatory public service. It would help alleviate “free-rider” problems, where those who do not contribute benit from the forts of those who do. It would mitigate pressing social problems—with education, public health and safety, and the environment. It might instill in participants a sense of civic duty, community, and individual responsibility. Finally, it has worked on a smaller scale, particularly in urban areas, where renewal projects succeed in making communities safer, healthier, and more prosperous.

Far more compelling, however, are the arguments against mandatory public service. First, who would make assignments and decide what projects are worthwhile, and how would compliance be assured? Resolving enforcement issues would require government control, in turn requiring increased taxes and/or cuts in other social programs, thereby nullifying the benits of mandatory public service. Second, a mandatory system would open the floodgates to incompetence and inexperience. Finally, the whole notion seems tantamount to Communism insofar as each citizen must contribute, according to his or her ability, to a strong state. Modern history informs us that such systems do not work. One could argue that mandatory public service is simply a tax in the form of labor rather than dollars. However, compulsory labor smacks (v. 帶有..風(fēng)味) of involuntary servitude, whereas financial taxes do not.

　　以上2011年gmat機經(jīng)，以上2011年8月gmat作文機經(jīng)，時間從2011年7月28日至7月31日，AI，目前共31題。希望大家gmat考試順利!

　　以下澳際留學(xué)更新2011gmat機經(jīng)，以下2011年8月gmat作文機經(jīng)，時間從2011年7月28日至7月31日，AI，目前共31題。希望大家gmat考試順利!

5. The most fective business leader has highest ethtical standards.

最fective的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖也是道德水平最高的。

題庫原題：“The most fective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”

提供觀點：

1、 反面的例子可以是說如果從最高的道德規(guī)范來看有些污染環(huán)境的行業(yè)根本就不應(yīng)該存在。但是從企業(yè)的長期發(fā)展來看以及從社會的福利最大化來看，只要污染控制在一定范圍就好。如化工廠只要把排污控制在國家規(guī)定的范圍就好。

道德不明確，每個人的標(biāo)準不一樣；法律立法時符合大多數(shù)人的要求明確具體；時滯可以用提高立法效率來解決

2、 支持者會認為, 高道德會贏得reputation and trust; 第一, 高道德生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品以及service,顧客穩(wěn)定stable share of the market; 第二, 高道德會讓員工滿意度提高(公平，平等). 從而attract those applicants with high ability and keep the employees loyal to the company---最終導(dǎo)致高的productivity.

例子：Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.

3、 但在更多的情況下, 高道德也許不equal to maximal profit. 比如,a, 如果把道德放在第一位的話,企業(yè)的executive很可能無法執(zhí)行裁員活動complete the normal administration, such as raising the price, reducing the superabundant staff… b, 高道德的話，很可能采用最高標(biāo)準的環(huán)保生產(chǎn)——這樣很不是cost-fective. 總之，F(xiàn)ollowing such undue concern about ethics, the company may find it impossible to survive in the radical competitive market, let alone to gain large profit.

View1: the dinition of highest standards of ethics varies from person to person and time to time. Therore, it is impractical to find and then stick to the highest standards of ethics.

View2: the regulations and laws of authorities are more feasible and suitable standards to follow.

View3: while waiting for government regulations may draw back the processes of eliminating the ill actions, we can count on the authorities to speed up the process of rining the laws and regulations. 上12345下

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