GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)整理：灰色經(jīng)濟(jì).

　　3月2日換庫(kù)后，小編為大家整理這個(gè)月的GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)，這篇GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)是關(guān)于灰色經(jīng)濟(jì)的文章，考生朋友可以看看，下面的內(nèi)容為考古內(nèi)容，分享給大家，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，文中觀點(diǎn)僅供參考。

　　[V1]

　　又想起來(lái)一個(gè)閱讀，灰色經(jīng)濟(jì)。

　　這好像是第一個(gè)題目的答案Greek比瑞士高

　　最后一題

　　其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題是根據(jù)文中促成gray economy發(fā)展的因素，那個(gè)選項(xiàng)其策略類似于可以阻止gray economy發(fā)展的策略，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)比較糾結(jié)，一個(gè)是教練給運(yùn)動(dòng)員們一個(gè)總的比賽方針，但沒(méi)規(guī)定他們面對(duì)面單挑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)，另一個(gè)是學(xué)校制定 sufficient for learning的規(guī)章但該規(guī)章又不至于嚴(yán)格到促使學(xué)生去do stealth

　　考古已確認(rèn)

　　V1

　　這篇文章不短，一個(gè)屏左右

　　第一段對(duì)GrayEconomy定義，說(shuō)是GrayEconomy指的是不受政府管制的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，然后舉了好幾個(gè)例子(好像是這樣)說(shuō)明這個(gè)GrayEconomy的含義

　　第二段大意是說(shuō)研究表明，政府管制越costly而且越嚴(yán)格的話，Gray Economy占GDP的比重就越大，然后舉了幾個(gè)例子，說(shuō)希臘、西班牙、比利時(shí)比美國(guó)、瑞士、加拿大GrayEconomy占GDP的比重都要大。

　　第三段的大意是說(shuō)GrayEconomy基本都是個(gè)人或者小企業(yè)為主，因?yàn)槿绻麄儼l(fā)展壯大了就會(huì)引起政府的注意，政府監(jiān)管會(huì)更厲害。然后說(shuō)因?yàn)樾?，所以他們innovation的程度不高，因?yàn)閕nnovation給大批量生產(chǎn)東西的企業(yè)帶來(lái)的成本節(jié)省比較大，對(duì)中小企業(yè)沒(méi)有什么意義，所以GrayEconomy的中小企業(yè)都不采用新技術(shù)。

　　1 主旨

　　2 一個(gè)類比(analogy)的題目，說(shuō)政府為了減少GrayEconomy在GDP的比重，采取額措施和下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的道理類似，2個(gè)重要選項(xiàng)：一個(gè)是教練給運(yùn)動(dòng)員們一個(gè)總的比賽方針，但沒(méi)規(guī)定他們面對(duì)面單挑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)，另一個(gè)是學(xué)校制定 sufficient forlearning的規(guī)章但該規(guī)章又不至于嚴(yán)格到促使學(xué)生去do stealth。狗主選(C)學(xué)校的principal規(guī)定了大概的sufficient的規(guī)章制度，但是這些制度都不嚴(yán)格，其他的看著都不像

　　3 inferGray Economy的企業(yè)哪些方面會(huì)受到限制：A雇員數(shù)量，主要根據(jù)最后一段的意思推斷的。

　　4 判斷題：希臘比瑞士高

　　5 gray economy下面的企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)：人數(shù)會(huì)比較少，有個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)是他們采用新技術(shù)的ability，我想文章說(shuō)的是他們由于人數(shù)少而不愿意采用新技術(shù)，所以排除

　　閱讀材料：

　　If so,then depending on your local laws you may have been participating in whateconomists call the "informal" or "grey" economy. Inessence, the grey economy consists of legal activities whose participants failto pay tax or comply with regulations. The informal (or "underground"or "parallel" economy) is often taken to mean something broader,including illegal activities such as prostitution and drug dealing as well,although there is no agreed strict dinition.

　　The greyeconomy is often thought of as something found at the margins of poorcountries, such as a hawker stand in Thailand or a roadside vendor in Ghana.But that is misleading. Although it represents a greater share of total outputin poor countries, it exists in rich and poor places alike. Recent researchsuggests that the grey economy is growing. Moreover, a new study suggests thatit may be slowing the overall economic growth of developing countries.

　　By itsvery nature, the informal economy&aposs size in any country is hard to observe. Ina paper published a couple of years ago ("Size and Measurement of theInformal Economy in 110Countries Around the World," World Bank WorkingPaper, July 2002), Friedrich Schneider, of the Johannes Kepler University ofLinz, exhaustively examined the ways of estimating it. There are two basicapproaches. The first is direct: you could ask people whether they dodge taxes,or look at the results of spot tax-audits. However, people are unlikely toconfess to breaking the law, and tax inspectors do not usually check on arandom sample of the population. So the second method, indirect detective-work,is better. For example, you might compare data on cash transactions orelectricity consumption with official output figures. If the use of cash orelectricity is growing much faster than the measured economy, this mightindicate that the informal share of total activity is rising.

　　Using such techniques, Mr. Schneider estimated that the informal economy indeveloping countries in 2000 was equivalent to 41% of their official GDP. InZimbabwe, the figure was 60%. In Brazil and Turkey, around half of non-farmworkers are in the informal sector. In OECD countries the share of the informaleconomy was lower, but far from negligible, at 18%.

　　There is little mystery about why the informal economy exists. There are a lotof advantages to operating in the shadows. For a start, there are no incometaxes to pay. Avoiding social-security charges, which often drive a chunkywedge between take-home pay and employers&apos wage bills, can both cut labourcosts and thicken wage packets. People can also save a fair bit by ignoringsafety, environmental and health rules, not to mention intellectual propertyrights.

　　Indeed, in cross-country comparisons, the more expensive and more complicatedare taxes and regulations, the bigger is the informal economy as a share ofGDP. That explains why, among rich countries, Spain, Greece, Italy and Belgiumhave some of the largest grey economies and why America, Canada and Switzerlandhave much smaller ones. In recent years, the growth in the grey market in somepoor countries may owe a lot to the International Monetary Fund&aposs austerityprograms, which increase taxes and thus encourage many entrepreneurs to optout.

　　A booming grey economy sounds like good news, if only because many of theofficially jobless are in fact earning a living. So if the poorest are winning,who loses? The entire economy does, according to a new study by Diana Farrellof the McKinsey Global Institute. The price for having a large grey economy canbe much lower productivity. Grey firms tend to be small and want to stay thatway lest they come to the attention of the authorities. However, their smallscale limits their ability to make the most of new technology and businesspractices.

　　以上就是關(guān)于灰色經(jīng)濟(jì)這篇GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)的全部?jī)?nèi)容，考生可以有選擇的看看，機(jī)經(jīng)雖好，但是也要適度喲。最后祝大家都能考出好成績(jī)。