GRE難句解讀——提高GRE閱讀必須要過的第一關(guān)(七).

　　以下是澳際小編搜集整理的GRE難句解讀——提高GRE閱讀必須要過的第一關(guān)，大家練習(xí)時(shí)，要以“以實(shí)戰(zhàn)的要求為目的”為大原則，難句子不僅出現(xiàn)在閱讀中，還出現(xiàn)在句子填空、邏輯但體中，因此，對(duì)難句子得攻克變得相當(dāng)重要。

　　80、An impact (on the Mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth. (5)

　　一個(gè)能夠把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉軌道的碰撞發(fā)生的可能性甚至小于這種事件在月亮上發(fā)生的可能性，考慮到月亮更小的尺寸及其與地球接近的程度。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、易淆指代

　　解釋：in view of的意思是考慮到、由于，等于because of,本句粗看上去十分簡(jiǎn)單，可是你看完之后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本句十分難懂。這句話的意思很容易被理解成：如果考慮到月亮的尺寸和與地球的距離的話，火星碎片被撞擊所發(fā)射到地球的幾率，要小于發(fā)射到月亮上的幾率，有點(diǎn)常識(shí)的人就會(huì)知道這是不可能的：月亮比地球小得多，而且與火星的距離也與地球類似，碎片射到月亮上的幾率怎么會(huì)反而高呢?這里的關(guān)鍵在于such an event在文章中指什么，如果是指把火星碎片射到月亮上，那么本句的意思當(dāng)然是荒謬的;可是如果是指把月亮的碎片發(fā)射到地球上，那么本句的意思就對(duì)了，實(shí)際上句首的An impact之后被省略了一個(gè)on mars，所以原文的such an event on moon，指的是An impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit.因此如果把原文補(bǔ)全，則句子就變成了下面的樣子：An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the martian surface into an Earth-ibntersecting orbit is even less probable than an impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximiy to Earth.

　　意群訓(xùn)練：An impact (on the Mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.

　　81、 Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in　which subsequent transplants of other organs，such as skin，from that　　donor are accepted permanently. (4)

　　但是，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在許多種老鼠之間，這些移植法的“常規(guī)”并沒有被肝臟移植物所遵循。肝臟移植物非但從沒遭到過排斥，甚至還誘發(fā)了一種供者特異性無(wú)應(yīng)答狀態(tài)(donor-specific unresponsiveness)，在此狀態(tài)中，隨后來(lái)自那個(gè)供者其它器官的移植物，如皮膚，會(huì)永久地被接受。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、倒裝

　　解釋：Not only放在句首時(shí)謂語(yǔ)被提前，這種倒裝對(duì)我們的讀者來(lái)講不算什么新鮮事。干擾度比較大的是在修飾unresponsiveness的定語(yǔ)從句in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently中，插入語(yǔ)such as skin和前面的transplants搭配的from that donor共同作用，反復(fù)地打斷讀者的思路，使得從句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不能連貫。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in　which subsequent transplants of other organs，such as skin，from that　　donor are accepted permanently.

　　82、 As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be rlected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. (4)

　　當(dāng)巖石界面被穿過的時(shí)候，震波所遇到的彈性性質(zhì)通常會(huì)發(fā)生突然的變化，這就使得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回來(lái)的波被震波紀(jì)錄儀記錄下來(lái)。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、過去分詞與謂語(yǔ)易混

　　解釋：絕大多數(shù)人讀到the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly這一句的時(shí)候，第一反應(yīng)都是把encountered看成了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，再看到change abruptly的時(shí)候又搞不苾?cè)趺磿?huì)跑出來(lái)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，反復(fù)看上n遍才看清楚這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)。本句難就難在主語(yǔ)the elastic characteristics后面的表示袪的過去分詞encountered的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在句子中根本就沒有出現(xiàn)過，相當(dāng)于原文在encountered后面省略了一個(gè)by seismic waves,倡讀者卻沒有心理準(zhǔn)備，同時(shí)也不熟悉這種分詞修飾的方式，因此也難以讀懂。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be rlected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.

　　83、 While the new　doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，for instance，that　it was a posthumous production of the　Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles，and throwing the date once　　more into utter confusion. (4)

　　數(shù)據(jù)資料已被統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)，或被重新統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)，以便證明在文體學(xué)這方面，《乞援衰女》實(shí)際上確實(shí)在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》(后兩者現(xiàn)在則變成了“原始”的劇作)之后以及在軸殘片卻喚起了一種幽靈似的疑慮，即另一塊殘片有可能再度被挖掘出來(lái)，并證明，比如說，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以擊敗索?？死账沟摹哆_(dá)那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，從而將創(chuàng)作年代再度置于極度的混亂之中.

　　注：best:擊敗,=deat, overcome, outdo

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)

　　解釋：specter之后的that從句是specter的同位語(yǔ)，從句中有兩個(gè)分詞作狀語(yǔ)，中間由and 連接。其中以第一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)showing that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles的意思較為難懂，有兩個(gè)地方要解釋一下：

　　首先，best 在這里的用法我們以前很少見到，用作及物動(dòng)詞，是擊敗后者的意思，等于deat,overcome或outdo。

　　其次，a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy這種說法不符合我們的常規(guī)想法，我們看到　a posthumous production of 的時(shí)候，根據(jù)中文的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，慣性的到of之后去找人名，但是看到后面跟著的是作品名，就想不通了，與中文不同的是，英文中的遺作后面不一定只能接人名，接作品名的時(shí)候指的是作品在作者死前未發(fā)表的那一部分，比如本文的四部曲，可能作者死前全部寫好，但只發(fā)表了三部，但是死后發(fā)表的遺作第四部擊敗了S。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：While the new　doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，for instance，that　it was a posthumous production of the　Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles，and throwing the date once　　more into utter confusion.

　　84、 The methods that a community　devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. (3+)

　　一個(gè)社會(huì)所創(chuàng)造出來(lái)藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成產(chǎn)生，以保存在這個(gè)社會(huì)看來(lái)具有本質(zhì)意義的文化遺產(chǎn)的各個(gè)方面。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：本句是前面所舉的復(fù)雜修飾類難句的例句，已經(jīng)有所詳述。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：The methods that a community　devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.

　　85、 Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. (4)

　　傳統(tǒng)上，風(fēng)媒傳粉被看成是這樣的繁殖過程：其特征就是由一些隨即事件的發(fā)生，在這些隨機(jī)事件里，風(fēng)的反復(fù)無(wú)常被大量的產(chǎn)生花粉所補(bǔ)償，以至于新種子的最終產(chǎn)生被保證了，其代價(jià)是產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于實(shí)際使用量的花粉。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：筆者曾經(jīng)遇到過一個(gè)同學(xué)，下課以后來(lái)找我，說這篇文章讀得不好，因?yàn)槭锥蔚膬删湓捒床欢＿@篇文章的首段很長(zhǎng)，但僅由兩句話構(gòu)成，不但講述了老觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容，而且解釋了這篇文章的主題的所在，從這里我們可以看出在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)迅速讀懂難句的重要性。Marked by之后的內(nèi)容修飾reproductive process的。其后的random events后面又跟著一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾它。從句中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen有些特殊，因?yàn)槲闹胁皇前凑罩形牡牧?xí)慣說are compensated，而是說compensated for，這是由于主語(yǔ)the vagaries of the wind并不是被補(bǔ)償?shù)膶?duì)象，而是補(bǔ)償?shù)膶?duì)象，后面的at the expense of是以…為代價(jià)的意思。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.

　　以上便是GRE難句解讀——提高GRE閱讀必須要過的第一關(guān)第七部分，希望對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。