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SAT詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)方法,需要注意一些問題。下面是SAT January 2006 真題section 4 question1-5。我們拿它作為范例,來具體講解一下如何掌握SAT詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的方法。
1 Black Americans in Flight, a mural honoring several aviation pineers, also( )the 1992 spaclight of astronaut Mae Jemison.
A.discerns B.introduces C.approximates D.commemorate E.asserts
解題線索:honoring, also
詞匯注解:
01.aviation n. 詞根avi—bird;astronaut n.=spaceman n. 詞根astr-strar, nau-sea,sail
02.discern v.=detect, recognize 簡單詞certain 詞根cern-sift(篩選)
03.approximate v. a. 接近,幾乎,近似 詞根prox-come near 同詞根approach, proximity
04.commenorate v.=to remember 簡單詞memory, memorize
2 The new antifungal agent has such ( )uses,from treating Dutch elm disease to rescuing water-dammaged works of art from molds, that it is considerd one of the more( )antibiotics.
A.disturbing...explicit B.innovative...precipitous C.mysterious...recognized D.varied...versatile E.similar...discriminating
解題線索:from…to…
詞匯注解:
01.antifungal=anti(against)+fungal antibiotic=anti+bio(詞根bio-life biology, biography)
02.explicit a.= clear, dinite 詞根plic-fold implicit, imply, complex, complicated, perplex, multiply
03.innovative a.(innovate v.)=new, creative 詞根nov=new renovate, novel, supernova
04.precipitous a.=steep, sudden,dramatic陡峭,突然,劇烈
05.varied a.=various a. 簡單詞 vary=change
06.discriminating a. 有鑒別力的 簡單詞discriminate v.1 鑒別2歧視
3 The child had a tendency toward aggressive behavior,a ( ) fighting rather than resolving differences amicably.
A.propensity for B.confusion about C.disregard for D.hostility toward E.compunction about
解題線索:tendency
詞匯注解:
01.amicable a.=friendly 詞根am-love amiable, amateur, amity
02.propensity n.=inclination, tendency 詞根pens-hang(懸掛) suspend, depend, indispensable
03.disregard n. =ignore, dismiss
04. compunction n.=guilt, regret(內(nèi)疚,悔恨)
4 Physical exercise often has a ( )fect, releasing emotional temsion and rreshing the spirit.
A.pejorative B.debilitating C.cathartic D.retentive E.tenacious
解題線索:release emotional tension and ……
詞匯注解:
01.pejorative a.=depreciative a.(詞根prec-price appreciate v.) /derogatory a.(貶損的)
02.debilitating a.(debilitate v.)=weaken
03.cathatic a. 1 (感情)有宣泄作用的2通便的
04.retentive a.=holding(記憶力好的,記得住的) 詞根tent-keep tenacious, abstinence, contain
05.tenacious a.=resolute, stubborn (堅持的,固執(zhí)的)
5 Because rao and hip-hop offer such ( )commentary on contemprary issues, they are often said to be sharp-edged musical genres.
A.nebulous B.trenchant C.circumspect D.prosaic E.benign
解題線索:sharp-edged
詞匯注解:
01.genre n.=style n.
02.nebulous a.=unclear,ambiguous 簡單詞 nebula n.星云
03.trenchant a.=sharp, pointed(言辭)犀利的,尖銳的
04.circumspect a.=cautious, carul 詞根circu-circle spect-see
05.prosaic a.=boring, dull 簡單詞 prose n.散文
06.benign a.=kind, good-hearted 前綴ben-good benit, benediction
重要提示
1.平時大家記單詞,多半只滿足于記下其拼寫和中文意思。這樣的記憶很粗糙,不會持久。
2.我的經(jīng)驗,沒有扎實的構(gòu)詞知識而試圖輕松突破SAT詞匯幾乎是不可能的。有相當(dāng)一部分SAT單詞屬于多音節(jié)的長單詞,不作構(gòu)詞分析死記很難記住,或者不久就忘掉。因為對于區(qū)別于孩童的成熟學(xué)習(xí)者來說(比如十七八歲的高中生),最好的記憶方式是理解記憶。在搞懂單詞的來源和構(gòu)成之后,再去記憶就感覺心安理得,毫不勉強。分析詞根詞綴正好能完美地達(dá)成這一目的。此外,構(gòu)詞知識能很好地使學(xué)習(xí)者建立起詞語詞之間的聯(lián)系,使腦海中的單詞有序化,起到牢固記憶和擴(kuò)大單詞量的作用。
所以,具備可靠的構(gòu)詞知識一直是我在SAT詞匯課上所倡導(dǎo)的。這也是為什么上面有很多單詞注解包含詞根或詞綴信息。權(quán)威的構(gòu)詞知識和詞源信息來自韋氏詞典以及MerriamWebster出版的其他詞匯書籍。不建議大家購買市面上那些編寫有“詞根+聯(lián)想”內(nèi)容的單詞書。謬誤頗多。
3. 有些詞,雖然有詞根,但是找出來也不一定有助于記憶。特別是當(dāng)詞根在該詞中的意思體現(xiàn)得不夠明顯或者與這個詞同詞根的單詞又都不是很熟悉的時候。此時,還不如生生地記下來方便。比如,
precipitous=steep, sudden,dramatic(陡峭,突然,劇烈)
澳際培訓(xùn)的老師倡導(dǎo)自己的學(xué)生要具備牢靠的構(gòu)詞知識,但是也要記住,詞根學(xué)習(xí)的目的是為了幫助單詞記憶。當(dāng)你覺得無法達(dá)到這個目的時候,不妨果斷放棄。何況SAT詞匯中也不是每個單詞都可以進(jìn)行構(gòu)詞分析。
4. 記住一個生詞的中文意思有時顯得很羅嗦,也不容易記住。澳際培訓(xùn)老師建議學(xué)生,找一個同義詞與該詞等同起來。這樣,每次看到整個生詞就想到其同義詞,避開中文這一層“介質(zhì)”。這樣就記得很快很準(zhǔn),也非常有助于培養(yǎng)語感和擴(kuò)大詞匯量。比如,
disregard n. =ignore, dismiss
explicit a.= clear, dinite
innovative a.(innovate v.)=new, creative
compunction=guilt, regret
但是,這種同義詞的選擇是有講究的。由于此時利用同義詞的目的是為了幫忙記住生詞,所以你所選的同義詞一則要是個熟悉的詞,二則應(yīng)該越簡單越好。如果所選同義詞本身也是個陌生詞,無疑會加重自己的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)。這樣的記憶方法可簡而言之為“以舊帶新”。
有些SAT單詞書對單詞的注解中包括了一些同義詞。多數(shù)同學(xué)一般都不會去看,或者不知道該如何利用這些同義詞。實在是很可惜。
另外,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)SAT單詞題很多解題線索都是正確選項的同意替代。這也從另一方面提醒我們同義詞學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。
5. 確實存在一些詞,既沒有詞根可查,意思也很特殊不容易找到同義詞。唯有死記。比如,
cathartic a. 1 (感情)有宣泄作用的2通便的
其實,記憶本是大腦的天然功能。記單詞不用什么方法,多看看,自然會在腦子里留住。還有寫學(xué)生也有只讀讀寫寫就把SAT單詞記得很好的。怕就怕很多同學(xué)老是擔(dān)心自己記不住而尋求于各類“記憶技巧”,“無敵單詞書”或“金牌課程”?;ㄔ谡曳椒ㄉ系木h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于花在老老實實背單詞的精力。舍本逐末,竹籃打水。
SAT詞匯經(jīng)典學(xué)習(xí)示例重要提示SAT詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)方法,需要注意一些問題。下面是SAT January 2006 真題section 4 question1-5。我們拿它作為范例,來具體講解一下如何掌握SAT詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的方法。
1 Black Americans in Flight, a mural honoring several aviation pineers, also( )the 1992 spaclight of astronaut Mae Jemison.
A.discerns B.introduces C.approximates D.commemorate E.asserts
解題線索:honoring, also
詞匯注解:
01.aviation n. 詞根avi—bird;astronaut n.=spaceman n. 詞根astr-strar, nau-sea,sail
02.discern v.=detect, recognize 簡單詞certain 詞根cern-sift(篩選)
03.approximate v. a. 接近,幾乎,近似 詞根prox-come near 同詞根approach, proximity
04.commenorate v.=to remember 簡單詞memory, memorize
2 The new antifungal agent has such ( )uses,from treating Dutch elm disease to rescuing water-dammaged works of art from molds, that it is considerd one of the more( )antibiotics.
A.disturbing...explicit B.innovative...precipitous C.mysterious...recognized D.varied...versatile E.similar...discriminating
解題線索:from…to…
詞匯注解:
01.antifungal=anti(against)+fungal antibiotic=anti+bio(詞根bio-life biology, biography)
02.explicit a.= clear, dinite 詞根plic-fold implicit, imply, complex, complicated, perplex, multiply
03.innovative a.(innovate v.)=new, creative 詞根nov=new renovate, novel, supernova
04.precipitous a.=steep, sudden,dramatic陡峭,突然,劇烈
05.varied a.=various a. 簡單詞 vary=change
06.discriminating a. 有鑒別力的 簡單詞discriminate v.1 鑒別2歧視
3 The child had a tendency toward aggressive behavior,a ( ) fighting rather than resolving differences amicably.
A.propensity for B.confusion about C.disregard for D.hostility toward E.compunction about
解題線索:tendency
詞匯注解:
01.amicable a.=friendly 詞根am-love amiable, amateur, amity
02.propensity n.=inclination, tendency 詞根pens-hang(懸掛) suspend, depend, indispensable
03.disregard n. =ignore, dismiss
04. compunction n.=guilt, regret(內(nèi)疚,悔恨)
4 Physical exercise often has a ( )fect, releasing emotional temsion and rreshing the spirit.
A.pejorative B.debilitating C.cathartic D.retentive E.tenacious
解題線索:release emotional tension and ……
詞匯注解:
01.pejorative a.=depreciative a.(詞根prec-price appreciate v.) /derogatory a.(貶損的)
02.debilitating a.(debilitate v.)=weaken
03.cathatic a. 1 (感情)有宣泄作用的2通便的
04.retentive a.=holding(記憶力好的,記得住的) 詞根tent-keep tenacious, abstinence, contain
05.tenacious a.=resolute, stubborn (堅持的,固執(zhí)的)
5 Because rao and hip-hop offer such ( )commentary on contemprary issues, they are often said to be sharp-edged musical genres.
A.nebulous B.trenchant C.circumspect D.prosaic E.benign
解題線索:sharp-edged
詞匯注解:
01.genre n.=style n.
02.nebulous a.=unclear,ambiguous 簡單詞 nebula n.星云
03.trenchant a.=sharp, pointed(言辭)犀利的,尖銳的
04.circumspect a.=cautious, carul 詞根circu-circle spect-see
05.prosaic a.=boring, dull 簡單詞 prose n.散文
06.benign a.=kind, good-hearted 前綴ben-good benit, benediction 上12下
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