SAT考試講義單詞串講(上).

三 單詞串講（二）

71．begin: conclude 開始:結(jié)束

Conclusive: initiative 最后的：一開始的

Conclusive還有決定性的意思。

Given the__ state of the published evidence, we did not argue here that exposure to low-level microwave energy is either hazardous or safe.

A. inconclusive

B. satisfactory

C. dinitive

D. immaculate

E. exemplary

72．beleaguer: delight /mollify/sooth使煩惱:使愉悅

Her promotional tour was____ by missteps, but the increasing appreciation for her works suggests that fects of these blunders were___.

(A) strengthened---destructive

(B) avoided---ancillary

(C)surrounded---perceptive

(D) beleaguered---negligible

(E)besmirched---unquestionable

73． belie：represent掩飾：呈現(xiàn)

注意！belie的這個意思：to prove to be false ＝disprove

What most__ the magazine’s critics is the manner in which its editorial opinions are expressed—too often as if only an idiot could see things any other way.

A. belies

B. impedes

C. riles

D. placates

E. identifies

74．benignant: vicious 仁慈的：惡的

The depiction of the__ wolf is largely a misconception; wolves are__ creatures that prer to run in packs.

(A)howling, noisy

(B) maternal, shy

(C)lone, social

(D)vicious, dangerous

(E) hungry, famished

in packs成群，school魚群，crowd人群，flock羊群，herd牛群，fauna動物群，

flora植物群，poultry 家禽，gaggle 鵝群

對于這道題，還是說如果你達到了可以很明確的知道選C而補選D的原因，恭喜你，你過了填空題的第一關(guān)：填空題的信息都在句子內(nèi)部。

75．berate: commend /praise嚴厲指責: 稱贊

76．blight: cause to be energetic 使枯萎:使有活力

blighted: hale/robust/sound/unblemished 枯萎的，毀滅的:強壯的，健壯的

77．blunt: whet 使變鈍:使磨快，使興奮

78．boor: civil person粗魯?shù)娜?有教養(yǎng)的人

79．boundary: unrestrained 邊界:無限制的

80．brevity: lengthiness/expansion 簡短:冗長/延長

The author___ the last act of her play to appease those critics who__ the work for its brevity.

(A)eliminated, extolled

(B) condensed, censured

(C)expanded, disparaged

(D)intensified, glorified

(E) rearranged, endorsed

看到了后面的brevity就容易選擇了。

81．（1）brilliance: dullness 光輝:遲鈍

（2）bereave ：bestow 剝奪：給予

If people continually suppress their impulse to complain, whether the vexation is ------- or grave, they will appear to be automatons, ------- feeling.

(A) fluid . . dined by

(B) severe . . bert of

(C) deserving . . incapable of

(D) frivolous . . consumed by

(E) trivial . . devoid of

82．bristle: cower 發(fā)怒:畏縮

83．bungle: bring off失敗:大成功

84．buoyant: sink 有浮力的:下沉

85．burgeoning: waning 迅速生長的:慢慢衰減的

86．byzantine: straightforward詭計多端的:直接的

Some interactive computer games are so elaborately contrived and require such___ strategies that only the most___ player can master them.

(A)Byzantine, adroit

(B) narious, conscientious

(C) devious, lackadaisical

(D)onerous, slipshod

(E) predictable, compulsive

87．cacophony: euphonious 嘈雜的:悅耳的

88．calcify: make malleable 使鈣化:使有延展性

Given the___ nature of wood, the oldest totem poles of the Northwest Coast Indians eventually fell to decay; only a few still stand today.

(A) resilient(B) combustible(C) malleable(D) perishable(E) solid

malleable：capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out容易改變的

89．callous: sympathetic/ mature 無情冷淡的:有同情心的

callous：not caring that other people are suffering

We were shocked at the callous disregard for human life.

同情的：sympathetic，compassionate，commiserate

90．calumniate: vindicate中傷，誹謗:維護，辯護

calumnious: flattering中傷的:諂媚的

calumny: approbation誹謗:嘉許

（來自于詞根cal，cal這個詞根一是表示石頭，因為古時候古人用石頭來計數(shù)，所以cal這個詞根還表示計算，計算：calculate, calendar, calculus石頭：calcify，calcium, callous

因為石頭比較硬，所以又表示誹謗有關(guān)，如calumny，calumnious）

The prosecutor was so frustrated by his lack of credible or convincing evidence that when describing the dendant during the trial he shamully resorted to__.

(A) arbitration

(B) narcissism

(C) calumny

(D) tenacity

(E) solicitude

這道填空題還是來自于kaplen，顯然還是沒有很強的邏輯性，臭題！

91．capitulate: oppose屈服:抗爭

92．capricious/whimsical <> constant/ deliberate/ pertinacious/ resolute/ steadfast

反復(fù)無常的 <> 堅定的/深思熟慮的

Capricious: (1)likely to change your mind suddenly or behave in an unexpected way,指可能會突然改變思想或者以一種你沒有預(yù)料倒的方式來行動。

She was as capricious as her mother has been.

（2）changing quickly and suddenly，文學(xué)用語，指快速且突然改變，如 a capricious wind

(1) Because he is so__, we can never predict what course he will take at an moment.

(A)incoherent

(B) superficial

(C)capricious

(D)deleterious

(E) conventional

對應(yīng)第一個義項。

(2) During the opera’s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed ______, without necessary relation to what had gone bore.

A) tedious

B) melodious

C) capricious

D) compelling

E) cautions

對應(yīng)第二個義項。

(3) A story’s theme is sometimes___, that is, stated directly by the author, but more often it is ___.

(A) obvious . . indisputable

(B) capricious . . dramatic

(C) convoluted . . simple

(D) enigmatic . . veiled

(E) explicit . . implied

注意！這道題很多同學(xué)會錯選B，但你要選B的話，顯然沒有合適的情景，而且capricious的反義詞基本上是constant/ pertinacious/ resolute/ steadfast（堅定的）、deliberate深思熟慮的，而沒有dramatic這個義項，對dramatic的解釋見第二講內(nèi)容。

（4）The new rlecting pool was__, dazzling onlookers with its___ in the bright sunlight.

(A) unassuming, audaciousness

(B) capricious, innocuousness

(C) tawdry, precociousness

(D) vivacious, insipidness

(E) resplendent, incandescence

這道題同上一題一樣，都是選擇adj，及其特征，顯然這里innocuousness（in+noc毒，無毒的,再比如innocent，無辜的），不是capricious的特征，capricious的特征是unpredictable。

解釋一下resplendent（輝煌的，splendor本身就表示好極了的），incandescent：in(進入)+cand(白)，發(fā)白光的，所以很對應(yīng)，另外candidate(古羅馬議院的候選人都穿白衣服，而掌事者是穿灰色衣服)，candle

93．captivate: repulse迷住，迷惑:擊退，厭惡

94．cardinal: minor/peripheral主要的:次要的

95．castigate: extol/flatter/accolade嚴厲地批評:贊美

（accolade：ac＋col脖子：贊揚）

96．categorical: conditional/qualified絕對的:有條件的

categorical：having no exceptions or restrictions

（1）The college president made the ----statement that no student athlete on academic probation, not even the top-scorer of the varsity team, would be allowed to participate in intercollegiate sports.

(A) impertinent (B) uncontroversial

(C) opinionated(D) categorical

(E) equivocal

（2）But the scientists who resist the inbred cheetah dogma point out that many zoo cats bear healthy cubs, are perfectly fertile and vigorous, and have great variation in their immune systems. While the cheetah may look genetically tenuous when its DNA is appraised, by such real-life measurements as litter size, cub health, and immune response, the cheetah is perfectly fit for the millennium. The work of these scientists calls into question the validity of a strictly molecular approach to the sometimes murky science of species preservation, and it strongly suggests that scientists do not yet understand why certain genetic patterns detected in laboratory tests translate into the genuine strengths and weaknesses of a wild animal. The work also indicates that zoos having trouble propagating cheetahs in captivity perhaps should not blame the animal’s DNA, but rather their own ineptitude at the science of animal breeding.

Question: the author’s observation about propagating cheetahs in captivity is best described as

(A) a stereotypical response

(B) a candid assessment

(C) a categorical denial

(D) an unsettling anecdote

(E) an emotional plea

categorical：having no exceptions or restrictions, categorical是個語意相當重的單詞，而且看到那個perhaps就知道這還只是一個猜測，，排除了C，就好選擇B了。在這里之所以把這段文章放到這里，是希望同學(xué)們對自己的單詞量還有背單詞速度和方法都起到一個督促的作用，可以說這段文章給你們15分鐘的時間你們可能才能了解到這篇短文章的內(nèi)在邏輯，而在這之前，很多同學(xué)會因為許多生詞擋在理解的第一關(guān)上，比如cub野獸，

這里我們已經(jīng)講過的單詞：fertile（ile結(jié)尾單詞），murky（摸key，黑暗的，脆弱的），ineptitude（apt等一系列單詞），沒有講過的單詞是vigorous（vig，偉哥，活力），有活力的，tenuous（詞根ten拉＋uous多…的）脆弱的，propagate（pro＋page），繁殖，這些我們都會馬上講到，而且要理解好這段文章同時能知道cheetah（獵豹），zoo cats（動物園貓科動物，包括獵豹）就更好理解了，如果你通過平時閱讀還知道一些基因應(yīng)用的故事，那么這篇文章輕而易舉的就讀懂了。所以告訴同學(xué)們，詞匯學(xué)習(xí)很重要，同時你們的平時的閱讀量，閱讀范圍也很重要。

97．catholic: narrow 寬容的:狹隘的

98．caustic: palliating尖刻的:減緩的

（1）The play closed after only a week because critics gave the performance ------- reviews.

(A) innocuous (B) caustic (C) rave (D) gaudy (E) contrite

（2）Irving acknowledged that Columbus may have had some faults, such as his part in enslaving and killing people, but offered the palliating explanation that these were “errors of the times.”

99．cautious: rash 謹慎的:魯莽的

100．celebrity: obscurity 名人:不為人所知的人

101．cement: fracture /sever結(jié)合:破碎

102．censorious: eulogistic挑剔的:贊美的

censure: applaud/commend責罵:稱贊

103．certainty: indecision確實:含糊

certitude: obscurity 確實:含糊

104．chagrin: cheerful/delight/elated 懊惱:高興的

Thus, when Mary Kingsley returned from West Africa in 1895, she was chagrined to discover that she was being hailed as a “new woman” because of her travels. Despite her often outspoken distaste for the “new women” agitating for greater freedom, the travel books that she and others had written sill suggested, as Paul Fussell has argued, “an implicit celebration of freedom.”

chagrin(cha茶＋grin，green，茶變綠不能喝了)懊惱

105．challenge: buttress 挑戰(zhàn):支持

106．champion: disparage /oppose擁護:蔑視，貶低

107．chronic: sporadic 習(xí)慣性的:零星發(fā)生的

108．circuitous: direct 迂回:直接

109．circumlocution: express succinctly 曲折的陳述:簡潔的表達

110．circumscribed: unlimited限制的:無限制的

The residents of the town lived__; no one indulged in wild or__ behavior.

(A) rambunctious, indecent

(B) extravagant, excessive

(C) secluded, scrupulous

(D) circumscribed, impulsive

(E) irreverent, animated

111．circumspect: audacious/reckless 慎重的:魯莽的

112．circumvent: confront智取:對抗

Some activists believe that because the health-care system has become increasingly---- to those it serves, individuals must ---- bureaucratic impediments in order to develop and promote new therapies.

(A) attuned.. avoid

(B) inimical.. utilize

(C) unresponsive ..circumvent

(D) indifferent.. supplement

(E) sensitized.. forsake

這里circumvent是以智取勝的意思。beat through cleverness and wit

113．claim: renounce(根據(jù)權(quán)利)要求:放棄權(quán)利

114．clarity: opaque 清晰:不透明

Translucent （luc光）半透明的，transparent透明的 opaque不透明 （op眼睛，myopic近視的，synoptic摘要的）

The sheer bulk of data from the mass media seems to overpower us and drive us to _______ accounts for an easily and readily digestible portion of news.

A) insular B) investigative C) synoptic

D) subjective E) sensational

115．clement: pitiless仁慈的:無情的

116．clumsy: adept 笨拙的:靈巧的

笨拙的：clumsyungainly awkwardcumbersomeponderous

靈巧的：adroit agile astuteswift ambidextrous adept

117．（1）cogent: unconvincing/unsound有說服力的:不令人信服的

（2）Coherent：discursive一致的：散亂的

Jack’s essay was not__ one, as it had been written hurriedly the night bore from a careless___ of information and research data.

(A)a rambling, collage

(B)an ambiguous, development

(C)a coherent, hodgepodge

(D)an amorphous, morass

(E)an unintelligible, harangue

Hodgepodge: a motley assortment of things混雜，繁雜

118．collect: scatter 收集:散播

Collective集體的 collectivism <> individualism 集體主義: 個人主義

Collected鎮(zhèn)定的

119．commodious: constricted/cramped寬敞的:壓縮的/狹促的

120．commonplace: exceptional 普通的:異常的

121．compassion: indifference 同情:不關(guān)心

122．complacence: anxiety滿足:焦慮

123．（1）complaisance: obstinacy 柔順:固執(zhí)

（2）composure: discomfiture平靜：難堪，不安

Discomfiture：anxious embarrassment，discomposure。

After Bob had broken the punch bowl, we sensed the extent of his ----from the way he shamacedly avoided meeting his hostess’s eye.

(A) composure (B) perspicacity

(C) discomfiture (D) forbearance

(E) benevolence

124．（1）concealed: conspicuous隱藏的：明顯的

Concealed: not accessible to view 隱藏的，隱蔽的

Because its bookkeepers altered some figures and completely fabricated others, the company’s financial records were entirely__.

(A)cursory

(B) disseminated

(C) singular

(D)concealed

(E) spurious

這是一道錯誤率相當高的題目，很多同學(xué)會選擇D，spurious：not based on facts or good thinking and is likely to be incorrect，spurious：建立在虛假的事實基礎(chǔ)上的東西，偽造的，虛假的，從這道題給你提供的背景來說是spurious

（2）Frederick Church built a large Moorish home which was____ as a visitor came up the long driveway, but came into view suddenly at the end.

A. visible

B. beautiful

C. concealed

D. uninteresting

這道題才算是遵從了concealed的義項。

（3）It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no ____ weapons and were thus____ disposed.

(A) lethal, clearly

(B) concealed, amicably

(C)hidden, harmfully

(D) murderous, ill

(E) secret, finally

先講一個單詞，disposed：（1）be well/favorably/kindly disposed to sb./sth. to like or approve of someone or something對…友好的，可以接受的

（1） be disposed to=inclined to傾向于…

amicable:友好的

（2）concede: ruse to grant 承認:拒絕承認

125．concentrate: dilute solution 濃縮:稀釋的溶液

126．conceptual: concrete概念上的:具體的

We need to move from a conceptualization of gender as an attribute or style of behavior to an understanding of gender as something people do in social interaction.